1802.1 State of Arts, Manners, &c. in Edinburgh and Leith. 
expence for a feffion is 50l. Many ftu- 
dents pafs the whole year here 5’ attending 
_ both the fummer and the winter Courfes 
of Leétures. The average allowances 
to gentlemen’s fons attending this Uni- 
verfity may be from rool. to 3o0l. fter- 
ling.a year. The income of the profeffor 
of anatomy may be about 1200 guineas 
each feffion. The profeflor of chemiftry 
may have fees to the amount of about 700 
guineas each feffion. The profeflors of 
Latin, Greek and moral philofephy, 
three of the ableft, the moft unwearied, 
and the moft fuccefsful teachers in Eu- 
rope, have, at an average, not more than 
350 guineas each for their labours: each 
feffion. The fees of the profeffor of logic 
may be of nearly the fame annual 
amount. 
Bankers, merchants, fhip-mafters? and. 
fhop-keepers compofe a large proportion 
of the inhabitants of Edinburgh and 
Leith.. I fhould fuppofe, that above 
220,000]. fterling of the total yearly in- 
come of thefe places may be the produce 
of their bufinefs and indufiry. Here are 
two incorporated banking-companies, the 
Old Bank and the Royal Bank of Scotland, 
and feveral private banking-houfes; the 
two moft eminent of which are, that of - 
Forbes, Hunter and Co. and that of Manf- 
ficid, Ramfay and Co. The merchants 
deal in corn, in wine, in timber, pitch, 
flax and hemp, in tea, fufar, rum and 
other Weft India produce, dnd in all the 
goods ufually imported from the Baltic. 
The thip-matters fail from Leith, in the 
coaft-trade, in the Baltic-trade, in the 
North Seas and Greenland Fifhery, as 
alfo in the Weft India and American 
trade. The merchants refide rather at 
Leith than in Edinburgh. The fhipping 
and the féa-faring trade belonging to thefe 
places is confiderable; and they have been 
mlich augmented fince the completion of 
the canal which joins the Forth and Clyde 
has enabled the merchants of Glafgow to 
carry on by the way of Leith their com- 
mercial intercourfe with the eaft coat of 
England, and with the ports of Germany 
and the Baltic. Lead and caft-iron in 
various ufeful forms are among the exports 
from Leith. Cotton-yarn and ftuffs have, 
of late, been alfo exported from it in 
‘large quantities. Pit-coal is exported 
from the Forth to places on the north- 
eaft coaft. There"has been, of late, a great 
exportation of herrings, herring-oil, and 
giafs from this port. The thop-keepers 
are fo numerous that, in the middle parts 
-of the town, four-fifths of the houfes have 
their lower ftories occupied as fifops. 
Montaty Mac, No. 81. . 
5Ok - 
The bufinefs of a fhop-keeper is, in Edin- 
burgh, as a capital to ~which there is a 
conccurfe from all parts of the kingdom, 
more confiderable than in any other town 
in the northern parts of the ifland, Many 
fhop-keepers unite to a certain degree 
the charaGter of importing merchants with 
that of retail-dealers, procuring, by large 
orders, from London, from Manchefter, 
from Glafgow, &c. thofe goods which. 
they are to fell out in. fmall portions. 
Woollen-drapers, linenadrapers, mercers 
of filk and cotton goods, bookfellers and 
ftationers, jewellers and watcl-makers, 
dealers in hard-wares or utenfils of iron, 
tin, &c. grocers, glafs men, &c. are fome 
of the moft confiderable claffes of fhop- 
keepers in this town. It is not unfre~ 
quent for prudent and aétive men in this 
fort of bufinefs, to accumulate fortunes 
of from 5000]. to 25,0001. fterling, A 
capital of from soo]. to 2000l. is required 
to begin the bufinefs of a fhop-keeper in 
a manner tolerably reputable. Fortunes 
of from 10,0001. to 60,0001. have been, 
in many inftances, realized by merchants 
refident in Edinburgh. Some, bankers 
have acquired property to the amount of 
from 200,000l. to 300,0001. 
The artifans and. manufadiurers of 
Edinburgh and Leith, are alfo avery con- | 
fiderable body; and a large fhare of the 
income of the inhabitants of this place de- 
pends on their induitry. 
At Leith are fome glafs-manufatures 
in a very flourifhing condition, which, be- 
fide fupplying window-glafs; bottles, 
drinking-glaffes, &c. furnith thefe articles 
likewife for a large exportation by fea, 
and into all the furrounding interior coun- 
try. Meflrs. Biggar and fome other gen- 
tlemen carry on here a ‘confiderable linen- 
manufa&ure. The manufacture of paper 
was carried on here, before the war, to 
confiderable extent, and with great profit 
to the manufacturers» In the progrets of 
the war, rags, which had been tlually pro. 
cured, for the greater part, by importa- 
tions from Germany, became fo exceflively 
dear, the wages of the workmen fo high, the 
confuimption of printing-paper fo fmall, 
and the duties on this commodity fo enor- 
mous, that the manufacture has been in 
confequence greatly checked. There is 
reafon to hope that, fince peace is reftored, 
it may {oon flourifh here infinitely more 
than in its beft former profperity. Ropes 
and canvas, efpecially the former, are 
made in large quantity at Leith. Urtenfils 
of caft-iron"are made here, om Leith-walk, 
in large quantities, and with the greateft 
fuccefs, Some cotton-works have been efta- 
eB blifhed 
