1803-] 
exchange the well-known term plumbago 
for that of carburet of iron, though with 
re(pe&t to fimila¥ compounds of other me- 
tals, the term carburet fhould be em- 
ployed,” : 
From the Rev. Gitperr AusTIN’s 
Defcription of a new Apparatus for im- 
pregnating water and other fubftances, 
ftrongly, with carbonic acid gas; we 
learn that, with this machine, water may 
in a very few minutes be acidulated to 
any degree; fo as even to foam out of 
the gla{s-veflel like liquors highly in bot- 
tle, as foon as the ftop-cock is opened ; 
con{fequently by means of it, artificial mi- 
neral waters may be prepared in great per- _ 
feftion, as foon as any other medical pre- 
‘{cription. 
Lorp TuLLAmore has analized the 
afhes of turf, with the view of ob- 
taining from them an alkali, but without 
fuccefs. ‘* We are taught,”’ fays his lord- 
fhip, ‘* that afhes of all vegetables afford 
more or lefs potafh ; and, confidering bog 
or peat to be of vegetable origin, I was 
led to fuppofe, that, after it had undesgone 
a fimilar procefs of incineration, aimila- 
rity of produét, though proportionally 
{mall, might be the refult.” After a 
very accurate inveftigation of this fubject, 
it was found that the whole mais of {alts 
thus procured, confifted of fulphat of foda 
with little or no intermixture. To Lord 
Tullamore it appeared very fingular, that 
marine alkali,combinedwith fulpburic acid, 
fhould be found in fuch abundance in turf- 
afhes, procured at a great diftance from 
the fea; ‘* but,” fays he, ‘* my admira- 
tion increafes when I alfo take into con- 
fideration the very great folubility of this 
compound ; and (it we allow the exiftence 
of lalts in vegetable matter previoufly to 
combuition) the length of time it mutt 
have remained without being operated on, 
in a fubftance eternally pervaded with 
water.” 
The red afhes of a neighbouring bog 
produced muriate of foda, but in a much 
fmaller quantity than had been procured 
of the /ulphat of feda from the white 
afhes: hence, perhaps, the greater efficacy 
of red afies as a manure. 
M. SupaiNe’s Memoir of the Mines of 
Glan is founded upon an accurate furvey. 
The fouthern fides of the mountains of 
Glan are granite, the northern fides are 
entirely flate; and it is in the flates that 
the different veins commonly known by the 
name of the mines of Glan are wrought. 
From the obfervations made by this gen- 
tleman, he concludes that granite was the 
ground-work of the globe; that flate was 
Proceedings of Learned Societies. 75 
afterwards formed and laid over it; and 
that, finally, the calcareous ftone, the moft 
modern of all, was laid over the latter. 
Sut as there are two kinds of calcareous 
ftone, one of which contains an infinity of 
fhells, and the other abfolutely pure, he 
does not pretend to decide whether the lat- 
ter 1s to be confidered as contemporary to 
the granite or flate. f 
From The Hon. Georce Knox’s 
analyfis of calp, we find that 100 parts of 
it contain the following fubltances in near- 
ly the proportions annexed ; 
Carbonate of lime — 68 
Oxide of iron — 2 
Argill —_ — 7% 
Silex — — 18 
Carbon and bitumen -—- 3 
Water — — 
Calp is found in great quantities in the 
neighbourhood of Lucan; and the quar- 
ries from which it is dug exhibit the fol- 
Jowing appearances :—immediately under 
the vegetable mould is a thin bed of lime- 
ftone gravel; next, to a confiderable 
depth, are ftrata of dark limé-ftone, fepa- 
rated from each other by beds or layers 
of argillaceous fhiftus. The deeper the 
quarry is dug, the nearer the lime-ftone 
feems to approach to the nature of calp; 
to which it at length arrives by a gradual 
and almoft imperceptible tranfition. 
About a mile from Lucan is a fpring, 
called the boiling-well, the temperature of 
which is fomewhat higher than that of the 
neighbouring {prings; two gallons of which 
contain, 
“. Grains. 
Carbonate of magnefia — 1% 
of lime — — 23 
of foda — — 39 
Muriate of foda+; —— 4) 4 
Sulphur —1i16 | 
‘The carbonate of lime is held in folution 
by an excefs of carbonic acid, amounting 
to about 32 cubic inches in two gallons of 
water. h 
Mr. CHENEVIX, in his Obfervations and 
Experiment made with a view to deter- 
mine the quantity of fulphur contained in 
fulphuric acid; and of this latter cone 
tained in fulphates in general, had re- 
cour(e to the authoritics of Lavoifier and 
Fourcroy: according to the former of 
thofe chemifts, 100 parts of fulphuric atid 
contain 71 of fulphur, and 29 of oxygen ; 
and according ta the latter there are 33 
parts of acid in 100 of the fulphate of 
barytes. But if 100 contain 71 of ful- 
phur, 33 muft contain 23.4.3 : confequent- 
ly for every 100 parts of fulphate of bary- 
tes, 23.43. of fulphur mult be allowed. 
K 2 From 
