1803. ] 
days, than in the time of Perrot. Litera- 
ture and the fciences have been enriched 
with all the productions of the moft ex- 
tenfive erudition, and of the moft judicious 
critici{m. 
Guichard, an officer of diftinétion, has 
publifhed in his Military Memoirs, an ex- 
tcaét of the Taétics of Arrian, and the 
gia of the principal battles of Alexan- 
er. . 
The celebrated M. Sainte-Croix has 
carried the torch of analyfis into all 
the hiftorical details, and his celebrated 
examen of the hiftorians of Alexander is 
an abundant mine, which the new tranf- 
iator labours in with fuccefs. 
The immenfe refearches of Dr. Vincent 
have been equally of fervice to him. 
And laitly, the moft accurate editions 
have been confulted to furnifh him with a 
text perfpicuous and pure. 
If any difficulties could occur in the. 
text, which is extremely eafy to under- 
ftand, they could only have place with re- 
fpe&t to the military explications; but 
fhe tranflator of the Taétics of Arrian, 
and the learned Guichard, very frequently 
throw light on what was obfcure. 
Miltary Detajls—In the confidera- 
tion of this fubject, we fee that it 
was previoufly neceflary to diftinguith 
the difference between antient and mo- 
dern taétics. The tranflator has in- 
troduced his work with fome  prelimi- 
Bary obfervations on this difference. 
They are taken partly.from Folard, and 
partly from Guichard, and from a very 
interefting work, intitled, L’E/prit du 
Syfteme des Guerres Modernes, ‘ Spisit 
of the Syftem of Modern Wars.” 
It follows, from thefe obferyations, 
that the introduction of fire-arms, pro- 
ducing and requiring a grand deploy, 
(developement, or explication) aéction, 
among the mederns, inclines to, and 
attaches on, the wings or flanks; whilft, 
with the ancients, whofe miffiles were 
feeble arms, and whole combats were de- 
cided by corporeal ftrength and agility, 
the whole effort of the action was diretted 
towards the centre, without being much 
concerned about the wings. Formerly, 
they condenfed the body of the army, now 
they extend it. 
So much for the principal difference of 
the two {y{ftems of tactics. As to /lrategy, 
or the conduét of an army ; as the modern 
armies have the caufe of their fecurity, 
not in the midft of them, like the antients, 
but about them; as the trains of artillery, 
the ammunition, the baggage, call for the 
eftablifhment of magazines, and maga- 
~ 
Tranflation of Arrian’s Alexander. 129 
zines for that of fortreffes, there have 
thence refulted the calculation and the 
bafe of the lines of operation; which 
feems, in our times, to throw an obitacle 
in the way of the univerfality of con- 
quefts, that the ancients were not at~ 
quainted with. ~ 
The true elements of their tactics are’ 
not to be found in the commentators, who: 
have only perplexed this matter, but only 
in the beft authors, and particularly fuch 
as handle at the fame time both the fword 
and the pen, fuch as Thucydides, Xeno- 
phon, Polybius, Julius Czfar, and Ar- 
rian, With refpeét to the Macedonian 
phalanx, Philip, and Alexander his fon, 
carried the ordornance of the phalanx to 
perfection. The former had Epaminon- 
das for his mafter; the latter, who was 
the difciple of his father and of Parmenio,. 
formed a group of captains that were his 
fucceflors ; and among whom the celebra- 
ted Eumenes was highly diftinguifhed.— 
It fhould not be forgotten, that Alexander 
commonly made ufe of the Laced:monian 
evolutions, and not the Macedonian, in- 
vented by his father Philip. It carried 
with it too much the appearance of flight 
to accord with his genius and his impe- 
tuous bravery. 
‘The atlas contains a general tableau of 
the different parts of the tactics of the 
ancients, combined under all their afpecte 
into one fingle cut or plate. With the 
explication at hand, and this tableau be- 
fore him, the reader may make himfelf 
mafter of all the manceuvres of a Greek 
army, by a fingle quarter of an hour's 
in{pection. 
Geography.—The geographical part has 
been extracted from the learned diflerta- 
tions of M. de Sainte Croix; from the 
geographical table which accompanies the 
elegant tranflation of Herodotus, by M. 
Larcher ; from the immenfe lucubrations 
of Dr. Vincent; and from the relations of 
Dalrymple, and of Major Rennell. 
From {uch documents, and upon thefe 
bafes, the chart of Danville has been en- 
larged, rectified, and compleated. The 
new chart of the Expeditions of Alexander, 
which accompanies this tranflation, has 
been favoured with the approbation of M, 
Barbi¢ du Boceage, who has enriched this 
atlas with two very valuable plans, thofe 
of Tyre and of Halicarnaffus ; and which, 
by placing the luxury of the art in com- 
petition with that of the fcienee, do ho« 
nour to the graver of Citizen Tardieu. 
And, laftly, a comparative plan of the 
three Alexandrias, which General Regnier 
has defigned for the work, according toa 
' ; plan 
