668 
ftudy of philofophy and metaphyfics, 
that even the friends of the pofitive 
fciences, efpecially Divinity and Jurif- 
prudence, applied to it with uncommon 
ardor, and transfufed much from it into 
their writings. The fame thing hap- 
pened with refpecé to Fichte’s Sy{tem 
of Philofophy. On the contrary, the 
medical writers had drawn lefs from 
the new philofophy: but they, in their 
turn, became its partizans. SCHEL- 
LING, whoat firft had made a common 
ecaufe with FicuTe, (juft as the latter 
had been for fome time the apoftle 
of KanT), invented a new fyftem, 
which he calls the Philofophy of Nature, 
emanating indeed from the doétrine of 
Kant, but confiderably extended by 
flizhts of the imagination. This Phi- 
lofophy of Nature was adopted by the 
Brunonian fect of phyficians, who en- 
deavoured to engraft upon it the hypo- 
thefis of their mafter; fo that the im- 
fluence of the new philofophy, on the 
manner of treating all the other 
branches of fciénce, becomes daily 
more vifible, in proportion as thefe fpe- . 
culative fiudies become more fafhion- 
able at the German univerfities, which 
may be coniidered as hot-beds of new 
fyftems, or at leaft of diferent forms of 
them; and where the various fects of 
Kantians, Fichtians,. Schellingians, 
é&c. ‘are zealoufly contending with one 
another, and eagerly entering the lifts 
as authors in defence of their peculiar 
modes of philofophifing. 
The venerable Kan7 himfelf, now 
almoft.eighty years oi age, vegetates in 
retirement from the fcene of action, 
but his difciples continue to publith 
his manu{cripts. FoscHE, now Pro- 
‘feffor at the New Ruffian Univerfity of 
Dorpat, has publifhed a Syitem of Me- 
taphyfics, taken from the MSS of Kant, 
and intended to ferve as a fyllabus for 
his lectures; and Dr. RENK, now of 
Danzig, ‘* Kant’s Phyfifche Geegra- 
phie,” (Phyfical Geography), which 
had before been edited by ananonymous 
difciple of Kant from the notes he had 
made when attending his leétures. 
MELLIN’s very useful * Encyklopadi- 
{ches Worterbuch iver Kant’s Schrif- 
ten,” (Encyclopedical Lexicon on 
Kant’s Works); and the £* Verfuch 
einer fafslichen Darftellung der Kan- 
tifchen Philofophie,”” (Attempt to ex- 
hibit the Kantian Syftem of Philofophy 
in a clear Point of View), by Profeffor 
MUTSCHELLE, an enlightened Catho- 
lic, prematurely fnatched away by the 
4 
Retrofpelt of German Literature —Philofsphy. 
hand of death, have been continued, 
A third edition of KriESEWETTER’S 
“‘Grundrifs einer allgemeinen Logik 
nach Kantifchen Grundsatzen,” (Ele- 
ments of a general Syftem of Logic, ac= 
cording to the principles laid down by 
Kant), and a fecond edition of BEN- 
DAVID’s * Vorlefungen Uber die Kri- 
tik der reinen Vernunft,” (Lectures 
on the Critique of pure Reafon), in 
which the fundamental principles of 
Kant are, upon the whole, difplayed 
with luminoufnefs and accuracy, made 
their appearance. The Academy of 
Sciences at Berlin likewife publithed 
two prize-diflertations, ** Ueber der 
Ur{prung unferer Erkenntnifs, (On the 
Origin of Human Knowledge), one by 
BENDAVID, and the other by the Rev. 
Mr. Buocx; in which the former ad- 
heres ftriétly to the principles of Kant, 
and the latter frequently modifiesthem. 
Bendavid likewife prefents us with a 
**Verfuch einer Rechtflehre,” (Eflay on 
a Syftem of Juitice, founded upon Kan- 
tian principles);—-GERSTREKER with 
a ** Metaphyfik des Rechts,” (Meta- 
phyfics of Juftice;) and the juft-men- 
tioned BLocK with a ** Neue Grund- 
lecung zur Philofophie der Sitten, mit 
befonderer Riickficht auf die Kanti- 
fche, (New Theory of Moral Philofo- 
phy, chiefly founded on that of Kant). 
To the fame clafs belong the late 
Leipzig Profeffor H5YDENREICH’S 
‘“* Betrachtungen iiber die Wiirde der 
Menfchen im Geifte der Kantifchen 
Sitten und Religionflehre,”’ (Thoughts 
on the Dignity of Man, according to 
the Spirit of Kant’s Syftem of Moral 
Philofophy and Religion), which has 
been edited by GRUBER, with a paral- 
lel between Heydenreich and Zolli- 
kofer’s ideas relative to this fubject ; 
and GerLacn’s * Lehrbuch der Reli- 
gion innerhalb der Granzen der blof- 
fen Vernunft, (Elements of Religion 
within the Bounds of mere Reafon), 
which doétrine of Kant has been at- 
tacked as contradictory by the acute 
reafoner, KoppeEN, in his Work “uber 
Offenbarung, &c.” (On Revelation, 
&c). of which a fecond edition has ap- 
peared. Other new champions or op- 
pofers of the critical philofophy we 
muit pafs over, for the fake of brevity. 
No new work of Fichte made its ap- 
pearance at the Eafter-fair, nor do we 
find more than one’ pubiication relae 
tive to his philofophy, viz. ** Mann 
und Weib, oder Dedattion der Ene; 
em Beytrag zur Berichtigung des 
Miff- 
