z801.] 
oth. Of the prefent State of Egypt, in {peak- 
ing of the commerce of that country in his 
time, he fays, ‘¢ From Venice is exported 
into Egypt, among other things, a great 
quantity of fmall glafs-ware, as beads, 
&c. - writing-paper, which is preffed 
fmooth in the country; different fpecies of 
cutlery, as knives, looking-glafles, fcif- 
fars, combs, needles, pins, whiltles, &c. 
pitchers, difhes, &c. and when the veffels 
anchor at Zante, they carry wine from 
. thence and difpofe of it at,Alexandria, 
A quantity of cloth from Leghorn is alfo 
carried there ; China-ware from Genoa ; 
but principally good pieces of e7ght, in 
_ filver, (in the place of which rix-dellars 
are at prefent fubftituted, bearing the im- 
preffion of the Emprefs Maria Therefa) 
which purchafe merchandize. From Met- 
fina is fent Syracufe wine, velvet, and 
other filk ftuffs. With Holland and Eng- 
land there is no direct commerce, but it is 
carried en by Venice and Leghorn. From 
Marfeilles are brought money, nuts, al- 
monds, chefnuts, &c.; alfo cloth and 
paper.” Such were the commodities im- 
ported in the time of Vanfleb; fince which 
period the commerce of Egypt has confi- 
derably increafed, for it now draws every 
{pecies of nverchandize from the different 
ftates of Europe. From Portugal a great 
uantity of Lifbon gold and mnuflin.— 
Prom Spain, pialters, and {mall filver coins, 
which are there called fcout (crowns), 
cochineal, Brafil wood, aquafortis, &c. 
for ftaining. <The traffic of thefe two 
nowers is carried on by France, and vef- 
fels from Leghorn. From Marfeilles, be- 
fides the commodities already mentioned, 
isexported inte Egypt, capillaire, which 
is confumed in great quantities, rofolis, 
{weetmeats, wine, oil, fealing-wax, fu- 
gar; and by contraband, coffee from Mar- 
tinico and Saint Domingo; medicinal 
_ drugs, mixed and fimple; brocaded ftuffs 
from Lyons; and every luxurious com- 
. modity which French induftry knows very 
well how to adapt to the cuftoms of the 
country. - Sphin : 
The Englith, befides cloths, fend works 
of polifhed fteel, and all forts of iron 
wares, fire-arms, and gunpowder, The 
Dutch, befides cloths, export cheefe and. 
Leghorn fends fattins, mourning- - 
drugs. 
cloaks, and Genoa velvets, befides various 
other manufaciures of the country. Swe- 
difh and Ruffian iron is moft fought after 
in Egypt, where a great quantity is con- 
fumed. From the ftates of the Empire is 
exported the Stirian and Carinthian iron, 
eryitals from Bohemia; wood and china 
Monrary Mac. No. 7o, 
Ancient and Modern Commerce of Egypt. 
129 
from Vienna, as well as cloths, and vae 
rious articles of the manufactures of the 
country, and moreover many rix-dollars. 
Venice, befides its articles of trade, like- 
wife exports panes of glafs, cryftals, and 
of every thing which comes from the 
celebrated furnace of Murano, as gold 
CANTARIN, which is much uled, and is - 
tranfported to Djeddah; fpikenard, called 
Celtic, which the Egyptians ufe in their 
baths and perfumes ; butthis article is the 
production of Germany. Venice likewile 
fends wood and planks. 
By this it is obvious that all Europe is 
aétually in commerce with Egypt ; but the 
French and Venetians furpafls every other 
nation, as their merchandize is molt in re- 
pute. Were I to write on the commerce 
of the interior of Egypt with the capital, 
and that of every part of the Ottoman 
empire, and of all thofe countries where 
the Mahometan religion is received as well 
as in Egypt, I fhould extend my work to a 
volume. Vanfleb, at page 102 of the 
work already quoted, there gives a fuc- 
cinct account. 
‘© From Tunis, in Barbary,”’ {ays this 
author, ‘is exported into Egypt oil, 
great cakes of brimftone, wafh-balls, and 
red bonnets, in needle-work. ; 
‘‘ Cyprus fends good wine, principally 
in Lent, different kinds of {alt provifions, 
and good cheefe; there are alfo fometimes 
brought the wines of Rhodes, when 
the veilels named faiques, from Conftan- 
tinople, anchor at this city. : 
‘¢ Conftantinople furnifhes wood, and 
various works formed of that commodity, 
as mallets, fpoons, &c. different. fpecies 
of bronze and copper vafes, fuch as plates, 
tea-cups, coffee-pots ; white flaves, fine. 
tapeftry, Ruffian cloaks, tobacco, pipes, 
and dried meats. 
«© The ifland of Chio in the Archipela- 
go fends a quantity of fuftian and fat- 
tin. 
«¢ Damalcus, the very beft kobi that can 
be found (it is a [pecies of black powder 
good for ftrengthening the fight) alle 
bervagie (a ftriped cloth of filk and cotton) 
and good iron.”’ 
The Qafylah (caravan) of Four tranf- 
ports oftrich feathers, tamarinds, ivory, 
gum, and black flaves. 
The Qafylah cf Donkalab and of Sen- 
naar carries. black fiaves, gum, mufk 
tobacco, monkies and parrots. oe 
That of El-owahh (a country of Upper 
Egypt, /Oa/fis) carries excellent raifins, 
dried dates, and wine of the country, &&» 
The caravan of Feyowm (which is hke- 
s wile 
