1801. ] 
other maffive public edifices, againft which 
time and the fury of barbarous conque- 
rors have yet effected but little. Under 
Feth Ali, Chan of Kuba and Derbent, who 
conquered Schamachi, ‘and had either 
taken prifoners or driven out of the coun- 
try thofe belonging to the family of the 
native Chans, Old Schamachi was again 
inhabited, and NewSchamachi was deferted 
and lay in ruins; it was however reftored 
by him, and from that time till 1795 en- 
joyed peace and tranquillity. But in that 
year it was deftroyed by the'ufurper Aga 
Mahomed Chan; and the number of the 
inhabitants does not feem to be at prefent 
mofe than from 5 to 6000, among whom 
there are many Armenian merchants, who 
trade in filk ftuffs of an inferior quality. 
fter the deceafe of Feth Ali the former 
reigning family regained poffeffion of the 
whole diftri€ét. Haflem and Muftapha, 
fons of Agafié Chan, brother of the prince 
who had been expelled by Feth Ali, con- 
tended for the fovercignty: but. Haffem 
was as laft in 1796 eftablifhed in the 
Chanfhip under the protection of the Ruf- 
flans. 
In the vicinity of Old and New Schama- 
chi, between the higher mountains, there 
are feveral villages, inhabited entively by 
Armenians. Some of the country peo- 
ple in the more level parts lead a nomadi- 
cal life in moveable-huts, conftruéted with 
wicker- work, and covered with felt and 
mats made of reed-grafs. 
Territory of the Chan of Scheki. 
IT is fituated in the elevated ridge of 
mountains on the Kur, and is bounded 
by the preceding, by Gaufha, Georgia 
and Lefeiftan. The name of the capital is 
Nuchi (Nughi, likewile Scbekz,) and of the 
prefent fovereign Selim Chan. Nuchi con- 
lifts of 3c0 houfes, and is defended by a 
ftrong caftle, formerly called Kara Hiffar, 
at prefent Gellafin Gorafin, which refitted 
the victorious troops of Nadir Shah. The 
population of the city and of the village 
belonging thereto amounis to about 2800 
families. .To the fouth of Nuchi, on 
the bank of the Kur, lies a large and flou- 
rifhing market-town, called Akdafch, and 
confiifting of 300 houfes, to which allsthe 
neighbourmg natious refort to trade and 
barter their commodities. 
—ii a 
For the Moxtbly Magazine. 
STATE of SOCIETY, MANNERS, &c. i” 
CARLISLE. 
AVING read with great pleafure in 
your Magazine Sketches of Man- 
ners, &c. in many principal Towns in 
“MONTHLY MAG, No, 71. 
State of Society, Manners, Sc. tn Carlifle. 
217 
Great Britain, I beg leave to add to the 
ftock of fuch pleafing information, by the 
following Account ot Carlifle. 
The city of Carlifle is beautifully fi- 
tuated in a rich and extenfive vale in the 
north-eaft part of Cumberland, formed 
principally by the river Eden, but diverfi- 
fied by the Caldew, and the Petteril. 
With the fweet accompaniment of three 
romantic rivers, each affifted with rich and 
appropriate fcenery, the fituation of Car- 
lifle may be eafily imagined to be charac-~ 
terifed by raral elegance, and to be highly 
capable of the improvements of agricul- 
ture, the embellithments of the picturefque 
gardener, and favourable in a very emi- 
nent degree to the ftudies of the painter 
and the poet. The beautiful fituation of 
Carlifle is not properly felt by thofe who 
always refide there; the eye that is ac- 
<£uttomed to a beautiful profpect, at length 
paffes-it unnoticed, and, having no fcale 
to judge from, becomes by habit, totally 
infenfible of the grandeur that furrounds it. 
It is thus with refpect to the inhabitants 
of Kefwick, the neighbourhood of Loch- 
lomond, and many ot the moft picturefque 
parts of Switzerland. 
The inhabitants of Carlifle, confidered 
in general, tho” they have undoubtedly 
made great progre(s in the improvements, 
that have diftinguifhed the ftate of fociety 
in Britain at the clofe of the 18th century, 
are yet very far behind both their fouthern 
and northern neighbours. The remotenefs 
of Carlifle from the Englifh metropolis is 
againft its improvement. Tho’ the fituation 
of Carlifle is fo nearly approximated to 
Scotland, the manners and cuftoms of the 
inhabitants are, or intended to be, purely 
Englith. But it would be a defirable 
thing if all national difference were intire- 
ly banifhed : then would Carlifle, inftead of 
being confidered as at the verge of the 
kingdom, hold a refpeCtable fituation, 
confidered as a central city in Great Bri- 
tain. ; 
About the beginning of thei laft century 
Carlifle was a poor deje€ted city, the 
houles deferted, the trade decayed, and 
every inftitution bearing marks of the indi- 
gence and the indolence of the inhabitants, 
Without trade, without a {pirit for manu- 
factures or commerce, it funk into a large 
village, with ftreets overgrown with grafs, 
and with houfes without inhabitants. 
The officers of the cathedral and of the 
corporation became not only the moft 
refpeétable, but indeed the moft numerous, 
part of the inhabitants. 
Tracing the ftate of Carlifle farther 
back, before the union of the two crowns, 
Pt its 
