218 
its fituation was ftill worfe. The preda- 
tory bands of the Scots in the time of 
peace, and the armies of\Scotland in the 
time of war, occafioned the inhahitants of 
Carlifle and the neighbourhood to live in a 
continual ftate of trepidation and alarm. 
Its walls were fealed, its buildings deftroy- 
ed, and the country around frequently laid 
wafte. But thefe times, fo productive of 
mutual animofity, outrage, and danger, 
have pafled away; and the prefent witnefs 
two countries, which had been united by 
loca} fituation and language, now cemented 
for the purpole of mutual friendfhip and 
improvement. 
The fhort fpace of half a century has 
produced the moft beneficial effects in the 
city of Carlifle: manutactories were erec- 
ted and were productive of profit; the 
fpirit of incolence gave way to a fpirit of 
enterprize, fome of the moft opulent in- 
habitants fet forward print-fields, fa€tories 
for {pinning and weaving cotton; to thefe 
branches of trade was added the making 
of whips, hats, and fifh-hocks. Ina 
little time the poor depopulated city began 
to exhibit marks of internal improvement, 
its fireets were thronged with inhabitants, 
and its f{uburbs extended’to a confiderable 
degree; meanwhile the population increaf- 
ed tc more than three times the number of 
inhabitants. — 
At the period we are fpeaking of (per- 
haps about 5780 ) literature, the arts and 
{ciences had made little or no progre!s: 
the principal inhabitants were ftili thofe re- 
mains of gentility, who think themielves 
the very apex of tafhion with a fortune of 
200 or 300]. per annum ; with ideas drawn 
by defcent from their gothic anceltors, 
which only enabled them to diftinguifh the 
tafte of their wine from the flavour of their 
tea ; they heldtheir card parties, their af- 
femblies, and their routs. The citizens 
were ftill as lethargic, and as far from re- 
ceiving any mental improvement; content 
to deze away their evenings in difcufiing 
the merits of the American War, or in 
anticipating the excefles of a contefted elec- 
tion. About this period the flate of lite- 
yature experienced a fenfible change: the 
occafional refidence of Bifhop Law anc his 
family had given a kind of patronage to 
the few literary charaéters that lived in 
Cailifle; but a love of letters was tcarcely 
kept alive, till Archdeacon Paley made 
himéelf known to the world as a moral 
philofopher. A confiderable period be- 
fore this, the ingenious family of Gilpin, 
who then refided in Carlific, encouraged a 
tafte for the fine arts ; efpecially painting, 
and mufic. But the father being dead, 
Siate of Society, Manners; 8c. in Carlifle. 
_and forgetten. 
(April 3, 
and the fons removed ; the tafte they had en- 
couraged foon declined. 
Dr. Paley however gave a kind of re-ani- 
mating effect to the genius of the people 
of Carlifle. Asa philofopher, he was ad- 
mired and revered ; as a preacher, univer- 
fally followed. 
Ignorance gave place toa well-formed 
tafte, a defire to be informed, and a 
wifh to be gratified. From the period 
that Dr. Paley publifhed his Philolophy, 
the prefs of Carlifle began to be refpetably 
employed, and it has given to the world 
(with fome crudities) works of merit in 
many branches of {cience, hiftory, divi- 
nity, and poetry. Another acquifitien to 
the inhabitants of Carlifle was ihe late 
Mr. Howard the mathematician. The 
obligations of the people of Carlifle to Mr. 
Howard are beyond expreffion: asa teacher 
of mathematics and thofe branches of 
education which cencern the bufinefs of 
common life, his labours were produ€tive of 
the moft falutary, effects ; and it muft be 
confefled, that he was repaid with perfecu- 
tion and neglect. 
When a fpirit of literary inquiry is be- 
gun, it is not eafily reprefled ; future 
years faw fome of the youths of Cazlifle 
actuated by thofe enthufiaftic wifhes that 
lead to paintingand poetry. ‘The country 
around was highly favourable to thefe 
ftudies, its weods, and its rivers, and the 
paftoral manners of the rural inhabitants. 
The poetical world is not unacquainted 
with the beautiful fpecimens of oriental 
portry by Mr. Carlyle, the polifhed verfe 
of Mr. Sarderfon, or the paintings of Mc. 
Smirke, Mr. Head, and Mr. Smith. 
Thefe were preceded by others fill more 
celebrated: Dr. Brown the author of Bar- 
baroffla, Mr. Gilpin the tourift, and his 
brother the celebrated painter. Befides 
there are others who by their compoifitions 
and their drawings merit not only the 
praife of their fellow-citizens but likewife 
of the publicat large. 
There is one thing that is certainly the 
fubje&t of regret; the public {chools in 
Carlifle have not fuiicient patronage from 
the magiftraies : the teachers are iuffered 
to languifh in poverty, and the momen- 
tous bufinefs of education is neglected 
‘Phe Greek and Latin Jan- 
guages are certainly very weil taught in 
the grammar-fchool, but the youth have 
no opportunity here of acquiring a know- 
ledge of the higher branches of the mathe- 
matics, naturaland moral philofophy, aftro- 
nomy, or logic. . 
While we are taking a view of the pro- 
gtefs of literature, &c. in Carlifle, it 
The refidence of » 
wuld 
¢ 
