18o0r.]. 
would be invidious not to notice Mr. Jol- 
lie, the proprietor of the Hiftory of Cum- 
berland, and alfo of the Carlifle Journal : 
it muft be confefled that it is greatly owing 
to his public fpirit and liberality, that a 
tafte for books and for literary converfa- 
tion fo univerfally diftinguifhes the inha- 
bitants of this city. Unaffifted by the 
titled or the great, he undertook at his in- 
dividual expenfe the publication of a 
valuable and extenfive County Hiftory ; 
‘by which he called forth into aétion the 
talents of many ingenious correfpondents, 
‘ and rendered the county at large an effen- 
tial obligation, by refcuing it from oblivion, 
-and the memory of its great men from 
neglect. Sometime after the Hiftory of 
Cumberland was finifhed ; Mr. Jollie fet 
forward the Carlifle Journal, for which 
undertaking (as it adds to the refpecta- 
bility of the place, and is highly fervice- 
able to the merchant and manufacturer, 
as a vehicle for advertifing) he certainly 
has great claims to the encouragement of 
all who wifh for the improvement of the 
city of Carlifle. . Mr. Jollie is the centre 
round whom all the young men of genius 
revolve; his fhop and his library are the 
lounge, where topics of fcience and polite 
literature are dicuffed; and the conftant fup- 
ply of new books of merit, which he keeps, 
is an acquifition the valueof whichis un- 
fpeakably great. 
The manners of the people of Carlifle, 
thus attenuated by philofophic ftudy, thus 
refined by reading and reflection, have af- 
fumed a character of late, particularly fo- 
cial, elegant, and agreeable. It is nota 
fpirit of falfe- philofophy and fpeculative 
inquiry, that diftinguifhes the people of 
Carlifle, but good fenfe diye&ted to the 
nobleft purpoles; the ftudy of CuRisTI- 
ANiTY and found morality. A circum- 
ftance that has tended to diffufe the moft 
amiable conftruétion of Chriftianity, and 
to make it the delightful tafk of the young 
and the old, the gay and the fevere, was 
the appointment of the celebrated Dr. 
Milner to the deanery of Carlifle. His 
Sermons, fo maiterly, fo evangelical, and fo 
pathetic, attracted the attention and ad- 
miration of all ranks, and of all perfua- 
fions; his fermons were eagerly liftened to, 
the admirable principles of Chriftianity, 
Gefcribed with all the fire and fublime ani- 
mation of genius, took hold of the minds 
‘of his auditors; and it is but juftto notice, 
that the labours of this celebrated divine 
have been the means of f{preading that 
belief, which cannot fail to render people 
happy, content and peaceable, and in- 
State of Society, Manners, Sc. in Carlifle. 
219 
{pired with the glorious profpe& of immor- 
tality. | | 
The people of Carlifle are divided into 
three claffes: -thofe are what are called the 
Gentry, the manufacturers, and the trades- 
people. The manners of the firft clafs are 
too much tinctured with the antiquated 
ruft of family pride and offentation, to 
render them either pleafing or ufefulmem- 
bers of fociety ; with fome of thefe, genius 
or learning has no claims to that ad- 
miration, which the world has affigned 
them. Butthefe ftrictures are only applica- 
ble toa very few. There are many of 
the leading charaéters in Carlifle, and a 
confiderable portion of thefe of the fair 
fex, who are dittinguifhed by the chriftian 
virtues, good fenfe and eafy affability ; 
who encourage merit, promote virtue, and 
relieve diftrefs. The fecond clafs, by far 
the moft opulent, is animated by public 
fpirit, the defire of improvement, benevc- 
lence and intelligence; and it is to them 
that the people muft look up to as the pro= 
moters of the improvement and encreafing 
profperity of the city. The third clafs 
are ingenious, laborious, and diftinguifhed 
by integrity. Between the two laft men- 
tioned claffes, there is no barrier; the 
rich man affociates with the pocr man, and ° 
the fenfible and intelligent require nothing 
but good behaviour, to introduce them 
to the intimacy. of their fuperiors in wealth 
and confequence. One fpirit fo much ani. 
mates the people of this town, that they 
refemble an extenfive family ; they are not 
congregated together for the purpofe of 
taking mutual advantage of each other, 
but for the purpofe of fmoothing down 
the difficulties of life, and rendering civil 
fociety what it ought to be, the means 
of mutual happinefs, confidence, and 
efteem. 
Having given a fketch of the prefent 
ftate of the city, I cannot quit the fubjeé& 
without indulging a with for its farther 
improvement and extenfion. The old de- 
cayed wall ftill circum{cribes this improve- 
ing city, and confines its limits. Will 
not fome aufpicicus period fee this nuifance 
removed, by which the town would af- 
fume aldifferent appearance? Tho’ the fitua- 
tion of Carlifle is healthy, yet its crowd 
ed lanes and alleys render the lower clafs 
of the inhabitants liable to the vifitation 
of continual epidemic fevers : thelimprove- 
ments in medicine and chemiftry, aided by 
cleanlinefs and opennefs,would quickly ex- 
tirpate this peft ; andthe poor, {qualid with 
confinement and want of air, would bloom 
with the floridnefs of health. This, if the’ 
Foz only 
