s801.] 
_ At Brunfwick, aged 8g, her Royal High- 
nefs Philippina Charlotte, Duchefs Dowager 
of Brunfwick, fitter of Frederick the Great, 
King of Pruflia, reliét of the late and mother 
of the prefent Duke. She was born March 
33, 3716. 
At Peterfburg, died M. Soimonof, Senator 
and Prefident of the Council of Commerce. 
He was a great lover of aftronomy, and had 
an obfervatory anda fine aflortment. of in- 
ftruments there; a fhort time previous to his 
death, fo great was his zeal in this fcience, 
‘ that he was planning the erection of another 
obfervatory at Mofcow, where was his coun- 
try feat. 
At Gottingen, aged 81, Abraham Kaett- 
ner, native of Léipfic. He was Diretor of 
the Obfervatory, fince the time of Tobie 
Maye and Lichtemberg ; he has given fundry 
Memoirs on Aftronomy inGerman and Latin, 
in the Memoirs of Gottingen.’ ‘He was cele- 
brated for mathematics and Literature. De- 
tails of him are to be found in M. Zach’s Jour- 
nal for July. His life has been printed at 
Leipfic, in a hand-bill of the Univerfity, the 
5oth year after his reception. _ 
The 28th of December, 1800, died Jac- 
gues Antonie Jofeph Coufin, well known for 
a work he publifhed in 1787, on the Introduc- 
tion toPhyfical Aftronomy, filled with learn- 
ed and ufeful calculations. 
Jean Albert Euler, fon of the celebrated 
Leonard Euler, died at Peterfburg, the 6th 
of September, aged 66. There are extant 
feveral Memoirs of his relative to Aftronomy 
and other learned difquifitions. 
The Chevalier Jean Alexandre de Bram- 
billa, firit furgeon of the emperor,.Direétor 
of the Academy of Medicine and Surgery, 
and Member of feveral Academies and learned 
Societies, died at Padua, the agth of July 
L800, aged 62. . 
Michel Denis, of the aulic council, died 
at Vienna, on the 29th of September laft, 
aged 71. He was firft Keeper of the Im- 
perial Library, and equally diftinguithed as 
@poet and a:man of literature. For an ac- 
count of his works, fee the Magafin Ency- 
pedique, vol. II. p. 413. 
On the 1gth of September, aged 55, died 
at Drefden, M. Koehler the celebrated aftro- 
nomer. 
Hanna, who is thought to have been the 
the laft Chinefe Aftronomer, died at Pekin. 
The French General, Saint Lazare, eager to 
falfil his miffion, placed him with the fa- 
mous Jerome Lalande, to ftudy aftronomy ; as 
he was near Pekin, when met by the Englith, 
as appears from the Embafly of Lord Ma- 
Cartney. 
William Haas, one of the mot ative and 
diftinguifhed men of his country, died the 
8th of June, 1800, at the Monaftery of 
Saint Urban, in the canton of Lucern. He 
was born at Bafil, the 23d of Auguit, 1741; 
from: his father an eminent type-founder, ori- 
ginally of Nuremberg, he learnt that att, at 
the fame time devoting himfelf to the Study 
Deaths Abroad. 
377 
of Sciences, under the Profeffors of the Uni- 
verfity at Bafil, which was then in great re- 
pute. But he principally &udied Mathema- 
tics under the great Bemorielli. From the 
death of his father in 1764, he continue@ to 
follow his bufinefs till 1789, at which period 
he wholly eftablifhed his fon in the bufinefs, 
who is alfo' well known for his abilities as a 
type-founder and printer, Haas during the 
23 years of his continuance in bufinefs made 
feveral» attempts to embellifh the type, and 
was the firft in Germany and Switzerland, 
who fuceefsfully engraved a French type, in 
the ftyle of Bafkkerville. The 8vo. edition - 
of Voltaire, publifhed by Thurneyfen, was 
the firft work to which this new letter was 
appropriated, and from that period, he has 
been juftly celebratedin Germany. Several 
other difcoveries and improvements in the 
typographical art, infure him a diftinguifhed 
place, in the hiftory of printing. The fol- 
lowing were his chief improvements. A 
new printing-prefs eftablifhed in 1772, which 
facilitated in a great meafure that very ufe- 
ful art, and to the invention of which, Haas 
lays fole claim. A fecond invention, which 
although lefs confpicuous, is not leis nfeful 
in the typographical art, is a fyftematic ar- 
rangement of the filets and interlinings, a 
deicription of which was publtihed in 1772. 
The third improvement, is the art of printing 
geographical charts with moveable characters, 
_ Mr. Preufchon firftt communicated the ideata 
Haas, -without conceiving its accomplifh- 
ment poffible, but after many trials, Haas 
furmounted every difficulty, upon which this 
invention received the name of Typome- 
try. The learned Preitkopf difputed with 
Haas the honor of this difcovery, which 
he afhrmed, had occupied his attention for 20 
years. But it is proved that neither M. 
Preufchen nor M. Haas had the {mallet 
knowledge of the refearches of Mr. Breit- 
kopf,, who had never publithed any thing on 
the fubjeét, this afterwards became ubvious, , 
for on Mr. Breitkof’s publifhing the method. 
he had planned, it was found that Haas had 
followed a totally different fyftem for the ac- 
cemplifhment of this improvement. Several 
charts were publithed by Haas which gained 
him univerfal applaufe; he ajfo publithed 
many of his produétions in the Memoirs of the 
Economical Society at Bafil, of which he 
was'a member. He alfo belonged to the 
Helvetic Society, which aflembled for many 
years at Oltan. He was alfo one of the 
founders of the Helvetic Military Society, 
and in 1790 was elected a member of the 
Academy of Arts and» Sciences at Berlin. 
During his youth, he devoted feveral years. to 
the military fervice of his country ; and to his 
abilities, his country alfo owes the Corps of 
Artillery, infituted after the fyftem under 
his own dire@ion ; and to his fpirited endea- 
vours Bafil is alfo indebted for feveral im~ 
provements. Afterthe revolution, Haas was 
nominated'a member of the National Conven- 
ton fyx the canton of Bafil; and after its 
