2801.] 
and fafbions, and fill preferve it. It was 
likewife by them that the Lutheran reli- 
gion was eftablihhed fooner here than in’ 
the other countries of Europe. 
@«: The Waliachians, who call them- 
felves in their language Romazs, and in- 
deed are fo by defcent. The author de- 
fcribes their character to be temperate, 
averfe to labour, patient, vindictive, and 
fuperftitious. 
Rafcians, they check the increafe of thefe 
laft, as powerfully as the Sclavonians fu- 
perfede the Hungarians and Germans. ~ . 
5. The Macedonians, or modern Greeks, 
who live without diftinGtion in every part 
and have no exclufive fettlements. It is 
through their hands that almoft all the fil- 
ver and merchandife pafs, which is brought 
toand from Turkey and Germany. Thele 
and the Rafcians haye the bulk of the com- 
merce in their own hands, and no.where 
do they cultivate the foil. As lhkewile 
they rarely embrace the profeffion of arms, 
it cannot be told whether they have inhe- 
rited the valour of the ancient Macedo- 
nians. : 
6. The~Czinzarians, who are actually’ 
Wallachians, but who ufe the Greek re- 
ligion, exercife the fame trades as the 
Greeks ; and as they fpeak the. fame lan- 
guage, they often likewife pafs for Greeks. 
7. fhe great national farms, and the 
inns and coffce houfes in the kingdom are 
chiefly held by-Armenians, who, towards 
the end of the feventeenth century, ar- 
rived in Tranfylvania, and thence fpread 
over Hungary. “They live in the great 
‘pusften or plains, {eparate, and difperfed in 
different parts. There is only a fingle 
Armenian parifh, which, in 1794, contain- 
ed ne more than 106 inhabitants. 
{peak no other language than their own in 
the churches, but, with this exception, 
their religion is Roman Catholic. 
&. A fmall number of Clementines, fo 
called from the name of their leader, who 
emigrated, in 1463,:from Albania, and 
arrived,in 1737, through Servia at Sclavo- 
nia. They are difperfed in two villages. 
g- Jews, who in the thirteenth century 
held in their hands the greater part of the 
domains, the royal farms, and the whole 
of the commerce. There are now, how- 
ever, no more than about 75,000 wander- 
ing through the country, whofe {ol@ em- 
ployment is to tran{port various articles of 
trade to the feveral villages and town- 
fhips. Jofeph Ii. intended to ameliorate 
their condition, bat he died before -he could 
pu€ it mto execution. . 
_ ‘The author thinks that it would bein- 
finitely more aly to better the condition 
‘ 
Statifical Account of Hungary. 
When they mix with the: 
They : 
507 
of the Zigeuner (commonly called through 
Europe Bohemians or Gipfies, and who 
are fortune-tellers, living a vagabond- 
life), fince they are aétually baptifed, and 
would fhew lefs repugnance than the Jews 
to be inftruéted in the Chriftian religion. 
Thefe Zigeuner amount, at the utmoft, to 
16 or 17,000 in Hungary: they are more 
attached to the Hungarians than to the 
Sclavonians, and have but little in com- 
mon with the Germans. 
Having confidered the different nations 
who people Hungary, with regard to lan- 
guage, Mr. Schwartner takes & view of 
their feveral relations to religion, habita- 
tion, profeffion, and public employment. 
He next examines their privileges - and 
civil policy. In.4785, the Hungarian no-\ 
bility amounted to 325,894 individuals of 
either fex. This gives a proportion of 
one noble to two and a half cf the popula. 
tion of the kingdom. The author thea 
confiders the various natural produétions, 
animal, vegetable, and mineral, from 
which we fhall extract a few particulars. 
The tradein oxen and fheep has been in 
a very thriving ftate ‘fince ‘Jofeph II. 
That of horfes and filk has profpered 
wonderfully fince the year 1765. 
A confiderable branch of the trade 
of the Jews in Prague is in goofe quills, 
the greater part of which come from 
Rungary. 
_ Next to Siberia and America, Hungary. 
is at prefent the richeft country in copper, 
‘The mines of iron alfo are numerous, and 
appear inexhauftible. The falt-mines of 
Hungary and Tranfylvania are fo abun- 
dant, that they would furnifh all Europe 
with this article. This has always been 
one of the moft produétive of the royal- 
ties, but there 1s a want of foreign con- 
fumption. The Empire takes off annual 
1,200,000 quintals. The great diftance 
of the falt-pits of Sclavonia from the north- 
eaft military frontiers of Auftria and 
Hungary, obliged the government, in 
1794, to allow of the importation of 
2,800,000 quintals of falt from Turkey. 
The fuineral alcali will become a capi- 
tal of cammerce for this kingdom. 
Since the difcovery of anative Glauber’s 
falt on a marth near Ofen; the price of this 
falt has fallen from fixteen creutzers the . 
half ounce, to a Angle creutzer, | 
Though agriculture and rural economy 
are but low in Hungary, the furplus from 
the confumption of the inhabitants is‘con- 
fiderable. If the Hungarian farmer were 
to improve this branch of produétive la-- 
bour,. what wealth might he not procure 
tothe country? ‘The article of wine 
& 
~ alone 
