600 
ragement of cloths made from Britith 
wool, fome manufacturers, through a moft 
mean and narrow policy, have fent cloths 
to theLondon market purpofély ill- manufac- 
tured: ** fuch an idea muft fuggelts it- 
felf (fays Lord Somerville) when we fee 
the native cloths produced worfe in qua- 
lity than thofe made long ago, fuch as 
hunter’s-cloths, and other forts known in 
the London markets.”’ In that portion of 
this work which treats of implements of 
hufbandry, machines, &c.a plate is given, 
exhibiting the fize and form of a knife 
with which the Portuguefe, by a fepara- 
tion of the fpinal marrow, flaughter their 
cattle. It is fincerely to be hoped, that 
this humane and expeditious method may 
take place of that revolting practice whica 
prevails in this country of knocking down 
the animal: it is aftonifhing with what 
expedition and regularity a man may 
flaughter a number of animals without 
being head lined, by ftanding in the front of 
each, holding him by the-horn in the left- 
hand, and paffing the knife over its 
brow throvgh the vertebre of the neck 
into the fpine. “His Lordfhip, for the en. 
couragement of this humane method. of- 
fers, that any of the operators in our pub- 
lic flaughter-houfes, who defireit, may be 
inftruéctcd in the Portugal manner, of 
what is called «* laying down cattle.” 
Meffrs. BaiLEy and CuLuiey have 
Retrofpeci of Domeftic LiteratureAgriculture, 
which weights being nearly in the ratio 
of eight to fifteen, it is always reckoned 
that eight Newcaftle chaldrons make fif- 
teen Lendon chaldrons! Now the quan- 
tity of coals annually raifed is about one 
million of chaldrons, which number di- 
vided by 6453, the number of chaldrons - 
per acre gives a quotient of nearly 155 
acres a year, which are cleared of ‘caals 
fix yards thick: again, by eftimating the 
breadth occupied by the caking coals, to 
be, on an average, eight miles broad, and 
twenty five miles long, there will be about 
200 {quare miles, or 128,000 acres of coal 
proper for exportation: then the whole 
area, 128,000, divided by the yearly con- 
fumption, 1 55, gives 825 years as the /hore 
time to elapie before this fpace will be 
wrought out. Only 825 years! really thé 
very thought of it makes one fhiver with — 
cold! «* A matter of fuch importance” 
certainly deferyes the ferious attention of - 
the Legiflature! But Mefirs. and Bailey 
and Culley have fome reafons for think- 
ing, that a thicknefs ef feam equal to fix 
yards will not be obtained over an extent 
of 200 fquare miles: probably not more, 
on an average, than four yards, in which ° 
cafe, the coal will be exhaufted in 550 
years: and if the aggrecate thicknefs of s 
the feams to be cbtained fhould prove only 
three yards—which {xppofition, however, 
every man who has the leaft regard for his 
drawn up, for the confideration of the’ family 500 years hence muft very ardent- 
Board of Agriculture, “¢ A General 
View of the Agriculture of the County 
of Northumberland; with- Obfervations 
on the Means of its Improvement.” A 
curious 2ccount is here given of the ftate 
of the qpliieries, and the probable period 
of cheiv elton : it has indeed been af- 
ferted, that the coals in ‘his country are 
inexhauftible. Mr. Williams, in: his 
‘* Natural Hiftory of the Mineral King- 
doms,”’ is of a different. cpinion, and 
thinks it a matter of fuch importance as 
to deferve the ferious attention of the Le- 
giflature. From a view of the different 
feams of coalia St. Anthon’s and in Mon- 
tague Main’s colliery, a ¢a'culation is 
made of the quantity of coal in an acre of 
ground, fuppofing the aggregate thick- 
nefs of the various feams to be fix yards: 
the refult of this calculation is, that an 
acre will yield 6453 Newcaftle chaldrons. 
A Neweaftle chaldron, we are informed, » 
is fifty-three hundred weight; a London 
chaldron thirty 6x heaped Winchefter 
bufhels, and weighs, on an average, 
twenty-eight hundred weight and a halt, 
according to. the quality of the coals; ~confiftency Mr. Heflop has expofed, and 
ly hope to be unfounded—in this melan- 
choly cafe, the lapfe of little more than 
400 years will witnefs the extinétion of 
the collieries! Meffrs. Bailey and Culley 
have drawn up their Report according to 
the plan laid down by the Board of Agri- 
culture, and have executed their tafk with 
much ability and judgment. © 
The Rev. Luxe Hestop, Archdeacon 
of Bucks, has inftituted «« A Compara- 
tive Statement of the Food produced from 
Arable and Grafs land, and the Returns 
-arifing from each; with Obfervations on— 
the late Inclofures, and the probable Effe& 
of a General A& for Inclofing Commons 
or Waftes, Heaths,” &c. Inthe Report 
of the Committee cf Wafte-lands, an ex- 
traordinary and rapid increafe of incle- 
fures‘is ftated to have taken place, from 
the period at which we ceafed to be an ex- 
porting, and began to be an importing 
country ; notwithftanding this balance is 
againft us, the Committee proceeds to re- 
commend, as a means of preventing’ the 
recurrence of fcarcity, 
fyf%em to be adopted. This feeming in- 
1 contends 
« 
a_general inclofing © 
J 
