492 Prefent State of Literature among the Modern Greeks. (Jam. 15 
are included init. Colour, time, fpace, may 
be faid to have only an ideal reality; but a 
blood-red, a breathing, a {pan, which are fpe- 
cific intervals of each, have a fubftantial rea- 
lity. Whitenefs is an attribute, not a being ; 
an accident, not a fubffance ; a quality, not 
a fubftratum ; it is an abftyaét idea, there- 
fore, and exifts only in the mind: does it 
follow, that chalk and fnow and milk, and 
every thing in which whitenefs does ac- 
tually fubfift, can exift only'in the mind? 
Yet this is precifely Berkeley’s argument, as 
to extenfion. . 
Torecapitulate. Senfations differ from 
ideas, in that fenfafions take place at the 
external extremity, and ideas at the inter- 
nal extremity, of the organs of percep- 
tion. 
Senfations, althcugh they can produce 
ideas, caunot produce other fenfations ; 
ideas, although they can produce other 
ideas, cannot produce fenfations. 
Confequently,. befide fenfations and 
ideas, there exilts fomething which caz 
_ produce fenfations, viz. matter. 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
NOTICES relative to the PRESENT STATE 
of LITERATURE among the MODERN 
GREEKS. 
HE learning of fuch of the Modern 
Il Greeks as have never travelled out 
ef Turkey, confifts principally of a 
grammatical knowledge of the Greek lJan- 
guage. They explain in their fchcols the 
Syntax of Theodore Gaza, on which the 
celebrated Neophytus, formerly Profeffor 
in Buchareft, has written a copious Com- 
mentary. From this Commentary Atha- 
nafius has formed a Compendium. The 
leptology and analyfis of the language is 
very much attended, to by the modern 
Greeks: many of their teachers, however, 
not only unde:ftand the ancient Greek 
authors, but even write the ancient lan- 
guage of Greece both in profe and verfe. 
The Conftantinopolitans pronounce the 
Greek language with the greateft delica- 
cy, but interlard it with a great number of 
Turkifh words. The Macedonians and 
Theflaionians have likewife a good pro- 
nunciation. The natives of Epirus and 
the Hlcs are inferior in this refpeét. Of 
late years, many of the Greeks have at- 
tended the German and French univerfi- 
ties, where they fludy philofophy, ma- 
thematics and in particular medicine, and 
have made a very confiderable pregrefs in 
thele branches ot fcience. The enlightened 
geal of the prefent Bifhop of Lariffa in 
Theflaly deferves to be cclebrated with 
due praife. ‘This worthy prelate has fent 
feveral young men to Germany andFrance, 
and defrays the expences of their educa- 
tion. “The modern’Greeks are ftill diftin- 
guifhed by a great thirft of knowledge: 
itis not an uncommon phenomenon to fee 
mien nearly fifty years of age engaged ia 
the ftudy of languages and the fcicnces. 
The unfortunate Riga has  publithed 
twelve maps at Vienna, in which the 
names are engraved in Greek characters. 
Thefe maps comprehend the country ad- 
joining to the Danube, Greece, and a part 
of Afia Minor. They are indeed far front: 
being perfect, but ftill will be found very 
ufeful, as both tne ancient and modern 
names are given. Fr. Muller, of Vienna, 
has reduced thefe maps toa fmaller {cale, 
fo that they form one large map. Daniel, 
a learned monk, who ftudied at the Uni- 
verfity of Paris, and now refides at Jafly, 
has publifhed a good Geographical De-’ 
{cription of Greece. The Greeks begin 
to tranflate a great number of books into 
the modern Greek language. ‘The bro- 
thers Zofima, two very wealthy merchants 
in Mofcow, have caufed feveral books to 
be printed and diftributed at their own ex- 
pence ; as, for inftance, the Mathematical 
Work of the celebrated Theotoki, wHo 
ctied lately at Mofcow. Eugenios, who 
refides at Peterfburg, having been precep- 
tor to the Arch-duke Conftantine, has 
written a Courfe of Logic, and tranflated 
Segner’s Mathematics. A learned Greek, 
of the name of Anthimus, in Vienna, has 
tranflated a Courfe of Natural Philofophy, 
and another De la Caille’s Algebra. Se- 
veral hiftorical works have likewife been 
tranflated. Jannaki, who refides at Jafly, 
has tranflated Stephani Thefaurus Lingue 
Grace into the modern Greek; but the- 
work is not yet printed. Several gram- 
mars and vocabularies have lately been 
compofed, to facilitate the acquifition of 
foreign Janguages, efpecially the German, 
of which they are very fond. The Greeks 
have feveral fchools in Turkey: at Jafly, 
Buchareft, Conftantinople, in the ifland of 
Patmos, Joannina, &c. In Joannina, 
falidas, who ftudied at Vienna, teaches 
the mathematical and philofophical {ci- 
ences, and is much efteemed by the 
Ali Pacha. In fhort, the dawn of learning 
hegins again to appear on the horizon of 
Greece. 
eee ELE 
To the Editor of the Menthly Magazine. 
~ srr, 
1 reply to your Correfpondent with the 
| Greek fignature, p. 333 (which, by 
the way, does not feem precifely applica- 
ie 
