28 
Oye 
sive their principal fupport, and of all the 
vegetable kingdom, they are beft adapted 
gor naturalization. oye 
The fea-air has generally been reckoned 
a powerful obfacle to having plantations 
on its fhores; but Mr. Templeton, from 
many obiervaticns, is convinced, that it is 
the wind alone which prevents the growth 
of trees on the fhores of the fea; and 
that on ‘a large plain, where the winds 
are not impeded in their courie, the fame 
difficuity of raifing plantations as on the 
margin. of the ocean wili be experienced. 
In order, therefore, to plant near the fea 
on a low fhore, it is neceflary to commence 
the plantations a confiderable way inland, 
and to allow young trees to have others 
feveral feet taller than themfelves. behind 
them. ‘The firft plantations in an expofed 
place ought always to be of fuch trees 
@s are natives of mountains; fcr thefe are 
fited by nature to bear the rude blatts of 
winfer, and, by the fiffnefs of their leaves, 
New Patents lately Enrolled. 
[Jan. 1,° 
or flexibility of their foot-ftalks, to re- 
main uninjured by a fummer ftorm. 
‘© Thus (fays Mr. Templeton) by 2 
careful infpeétion of the operations of na- 
ture, is the hand of man enabled to collec 
the produétions of diftant countries around 
his home, cover the arid heath with wav- 
ing green, and make the lonely wildernefs 
aflume a pleafing gloom.’” 
(To be continued} 
ear 
ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 
HIS learned body has beftowed on 
Count RumrForp the firft medal 
awarded frcm a fund provided by the 
Count himfelf for difcoveries on the nature 
and properties of heat. 
The Copley-medal has been adjudged 
to Dr. Woo.aston, by whom the Ba- 
kerian Le&ture for the prefent year was 
delivered on the 11th of November; the 
fubjeét was Horizontal Refraction. 
NEW PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. , 
—= ee 
MR. THOMAS MARTIN’s (CLERKEN- 
WELL) for IMPROVEMENTS iz the ART 
of TANNING aud DRESSING HIDES. 
HIS invention confifts in placing a 
boiler of convenient fize, near a refer- 
voir of water, with a pipe near the edge 
of the boiler to convey hot water into a 
vat intended toregulate the warmth of the 
water, and which is placed rather higher 
than. the vats which contain the raw- 
goods, and thofe working out the limes ; 
fo that the firft may empty itfelf into a 
fecond and third vat, or into as many as 
may be deemed neceflary. Thefe vats are 
made with falfe bottoms, for the reception 
of the fand, blocd, filth, &c. colle&ted by 
the peltsin the flaughter-houfes and mar- 
kets, and which will, by the application of 
water rather warmer than blood-heat, be 
more readily feparated from the fkins, and 
will fink under the falfe bottoms, whence 
it may be conveyed into a fewer by pul- 
ling out a plug from the real bottom. 
The application of warm water will 
revive dried hides, and expedite the procef{s 
of tanning or dreffing, by expanding the 
pores for the reception of the ooze, alum- 
liquor, &c. When the hides are perfect- 
ly clean, they are to be limed ; and, when 
the hair is taken off, they muft be. cleaned 
from the lime with warm water. 
Mr, Martin gives a very particular and 
accurate defcription of his method of con- 
tructing his vats ; of what materials they _ 
are made ; and of the nature of the ground 
on which they are to reft. Hevthen de- 
{cribes the nature of the planks to be ufed 
in paffing frem one vat to another; the 
neceflity of frequently removing and hand- 
ling the goods, without impeding the cir- 
culation of the ooze; and how the ooze is 
to be removed from ene vat to another, 
by means of pumps orjets. The neceffa- 
ry pumps may be wrought by men, or by 
a bark-mill commonly turned by horfes, 
or by a boiler, the ffeam of which may be 
employed to grind the bark and work the 
pumps; and the fire for this purpofe will 
prove of great utility in drying the new 
bark, and making it grind well, and in 
drying the old exhaufted bark for burn- 
ing; alfo, for drying the leather, hair, 
wool, glue pieces, &c. "7 
Objerwations.—The great and leading 
principle of this invention feems to confift 
in the accurate cleanfing the fkins; and, 
onthat account the hides of cattle which: 
die a natural death, are, by this method, 
faid to be nearly as good as thofe which 
are manufaétured from flaughtered ani- 
mals, while thofe which are drefled. in the 
common, way are denominated cafualty- _ 
hides, from. their very great inferiority. 
From many experiments made by the 
Patentee 
ott Mates 
