1802.] 
fpring water, inftead of fixing themfelves 
in fituations convenient to the rivers. 
‘They buy their barley at 1s. 6d. fterling 
er bufhel, and fell their beer at eight dod- 
ise a barrel of thirty-one and thirty-two 
gallons. ‘Ship-building has commenced, 
and it mu(t increafe, for we are bounti- 
tully fupplied with all the materials ex- 
cept iron, The fpinning and carding of 
cotton by machinery is juft beginning. 
In faét, the cotton and ftocking-manufac- 
tures, glafs, and earthen-ware, are eflen- 
tial to us, and muft {pring up at no diftant 
period. “The laft-mentioned articles are 
“enormoufly high. Common yellow queen’s 
ware plates two dollars and two dollars 
anda half per dozen: a pint cup twenty- 
five cents; a quart cup fixty-two half 
cents: fix blue and white cups and f{aucers 
two dollars: Cloths, ftuffs, and other ar- 
ticles of wearing apparel, are fold at about 
- fifty per cent. higher than they are retailed 
in England, — 
It is a faé&t little known or thought of 
even here, that there are as many people 
employed in Kentucky, in proportion to 
our population, inmanufacturing wool, cot- 
ton, fax, and hemp, as there are in Great 
Britain. I found my belief of this fact 
on a ftatement made in the Monthly Ma- 
gazine, vol. x. p.496, which makes the 
whole number of perfons employed in 
thofe four manufa@ories in Great Bri- 
tain fearcely amount to 843,000. Now, 
fuppofing the population of Great Britain 
to be 10,000,000, and that of Kentucky 
230,000, our proportion of manutaéturers 
would be between 19 and 20,000: but, 
from a pretty general knowledge of the 
country, I think they can fcarcely be efti- 
mated at le{sthan 23,000. I have litrle 
doubt but that there is, on an average, 
one perfon in-every family fo employed. 
The families, including the Blacks, I have 
generally thought, confilt, one with ano- 
ther, of nine or ten perfons; fo that there 
are, at leaft, 23,000 families in the ftate. 
It is evident, therefore, that the. value of 
labour is not, as hath been frequently fup- 
pofed, the caufe why we do not manutac- 
ture {uch quantities of thofe articles as we 
need for our own confumption. The 
fact is, that much lefs labour would ma- 
nufaéture them, than would raife wheat 
or tobacco to buy them. The great 
caufe of our not manufacturing a greater 
quantity of goods, is the want of a few 
men of capital, who are manufacturers, 
the want of machinery, and the want of a 
greater concentration of manufacturing in- 
duftry. Every thing is done in the family 
way. Every piece has.to go through al- 
Letter on Kentucky, from Mr. Toulmin, 
219 
moft all its different proceffés in the fame 
hands. But, whenever a man of exertion 
and prudence, who has a general know-. 
ledge of the cotton-manufactory, and is 
poflefled of a fmall capital, fhall come 
hither, provided with proper implements 
for carding, {pinning, &c. his fuccefs 
will be certain. There are many good 
European workmen here already. Some 
indeed, even withoyt any capital, have 
engaged in making jennys, mules, and 
carding engines, under immenfe difficul- 
ties, being obliged, in a manner, to be 
their own fimiths, founders, carpenters, 
and every thing; yet, the idea of being 
able, by coarfe fpinning, to convert a fixth 
of adallar’s worth of cotton iato a dollar’s 
worth animates them amidft all their dif- 
couragements. It is perhaps a fortunate 
circumftance for us, that the progres of 
our manufactures can be no fource of jea- 
loufy to the Britith manufacturer. The 
Kentucky market can be no object tohim, 
and centuries muft elapfe before we can 
rival him in any other market. The go- 
vernment, no doubt, will be gratified in 
feeing the attention of its faétious and 
difcontented fubjeéts turned to this coun- 
try, and in having the profpect of getting 
rid of them, witheut the odium of crimi- 
nal profecutions, and the expences of 
tran{porting them to Botany Bay. 
12. Price af Stock, Grain, Gcm—A 
theep weighing fixry pounds, two dollars ; 
acow, weighing from three to four huns 
dred pounds, with a young calf, ten to 
twelve dollars. A plough-horfe, which 
might do to be ridden, fixty dollars; a 
good hackney, from eighty to a hundred 
and fitty, and even two hundred dollars. 
A fow and pigs, from three to five dol~ 
lars. Bacon, pork, from two to two 
and a half dollars per hundred pounds. ° 
Beef from two to three dollars. Whif- 
key, half a dollar per gallon. Hemp, 
four to five dollars per hundred pounds. 
Cotton, fitteen to twenty dollars per 
hundred pounds. Wheat, one half dol- 
Jar per buthel (Winchefter meafure). 
Rye, one-third of a dollar. Oats, one~ 
fourth. Indian-corn, one fifth. Bricks, 
four dollars per thoufand. Flooring- 
plank, one dollar and a-third per hundred 
feet {uperficial meafure. Labour, half a 
dollar a day, and provifions; and trom 
eight to ten dollars a month ; and from 
feventy to a hundred per annum. A 
common rule in harveft is to g.ve to the 
reaper a bufhel of wheat for his day’s 
work, be the price what it will. 
13. What Articles an Emigrant fhould 
bringww-lt a tarmer, it might be. well to 
bring 
