‘1802. ] New Patents 
tiplying its fpecies; and fettles on fuch 
plants in the vicinity as are calculated to 
afford nourifhment to its young. 
The common green Aphis, which is fo 
generally deftructive, lives during the 
winter f:afonon fuch plants asit remained 
onin the autumn, either in its egg or 
perfect ftate. If the weather be mild, it 
multiplies greatly on the herbage ; as the 
{pring advances, it acquires wings, and 
thus the bufinefs of increafe is widely ex- 
tended, as the winged Aphides, by hop- 
planters called the fy, may be feen from 
this period very generally fitting on plants, 
and floatingin the air in all directions. 
This whole paper, to which the forego- 
ing fketch cannot do fufficient juftice, will 
amply pay the reader for the time he de- 
votes to the perufal of it. 
From Mr. Howarp’s Account of a 
microfcopical Inveftigation of feveral {pe- 
cies of Pollen, &c, we learn that each grain 
of pollen in the anther is an organic body, 
varioufly conftruéted in various {pecies :— 
that there exifts in the grains of pollen, in 
a very eminent degree, that property of 
vegetables called irritability, which they 
are capable of retaining fora certain time 
after feparation from the anther :—that 
alcohol is the proper ftimulus by which 
the irritability may be excited, and the 
texture of the pollen in fome manner de- 
veloped. Mr. Howard concludes by ob- 
ferving that the following fubjecis feem to 
merit future attention and inquiry. 
lately enrolled. 249 
1. In what parts of vegetables, in ge- 
_neral, the pollen is to be found. 
2. In what refpeéts that which is fe- 
creted on the anther, differs from that 
which is contained inthe root, feed, or fap. 
3. Whether the germ or embryo of the 
feed contains it previoufly to the impreg- 
nation. 
4. In what manner the pollen of plants 
in general will be a¢ted upon by the liquor 
from the ne¢tary, when expofed to it un- 
der certain circumftances. 
5. To inveftigate the varieties in form 
and ftruéture of the different fpecies of 
pollen, and to examine how far they agree 
or differ in the feveral {pecies of each ge- 
nus, and genera of each natural order. 
__ The volume now before us contains, be- 
fides the papers already noticed, twenty- 
three others on fubjesconnected with na- 
tural hiftory and botany, which, however, 
do not admit of abridgment. The ob- 
fervations of Sir H. C. Englefield on fome 
remarkable ftrata of flint in a chalk-pit in 
the Ifle of Wight, will entertain the gene- 
ral reader. The ftudent in conchology 
will meet with much intruction from Mr. 
William Wood’s Obfervations on the 
hinges of Britifh bivalve-fhells. And Ge- 
neral Davies’s defcription of the Menura 
Superba, a bird of New South Wales, 
feems very accurate and interefting. 
The plates accompanying this volume 
are numerous, beautifully engraved, an 
highly coloured. 
NEW PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. 
MR. MATTHIAS KOOP’s(JAMES-STREET; 
WESTMINSTER) for manufacturing P A- 
PER from STRAW, HAY, THISTLES, 
WASTE amd REFUSE of HEMP aud 
FLAX, and different KINDS of WooD 
and BARK, fit for PRINTING aud other 
ufeful PURPOSES. 
sl prow each pound of ftraw or hay a 
pound and a half of quicklime is to be 
diffolved, in about a gallon or six quarts 
‘of river water. The hay or ftraw is to be 
cut into portions about two inches in 
Jength, then boiled in a confiderable quan- 
‘tity of water, viz. about two gallons toa 
pound of materials, for three quarters of 
an hour. It is then to be macerated in 
‘the folution of lime and water, for five, 
‘fix, feven, or more days, taking care to 
agitate the mafs, by frequently ftirring 
and turning it over. \ At the end of this 
time the lime-water is to be drawn off, and 
the materials to be wafhed very clean, and 
boiled in a large portion of clean river wa- 
ter. This part of the operation is to be 
repeated, and, for the fake of improving 
the colour of the paper, one pound of dil- 
folved chryttals of foda or potafh may be 
ufed to every thirty-fix pounds of ftraw or 
hay. When the materials are preffed out 
of the water, the manufacture of them in- 
to paper may be proceeded with by the 
ufual and well-known proceffes. In fome 
cafes the Patentee has thought it advife- 
able to fuffer the materials to ferment and 
heat before they were reduced toa pulp. 
This, however, will always depend upon 
the warmth of the feafon, 
fra When 
