IP 
338 
compafies, black and white are flrongly de- 
fined, yet, no little difficulty, at night, often 
occurs, in readily afcertaining the exaét 
point, which mult yield to the fuperior 
contraft of light and darknefs ; and when 
its.capability of being elevated to meet the 
eye, as well as its emitting lefs light on the 
fails in chafe, or when purfued, are thrown 
into the fcale, it is fairly imagined confi- 
cerable advantages will be found in its 
\ufe. 
MR. JAMES ASHWORTH'’S (of TOTTING- 
TON, LANCASHIRE) fora method of mak- 
7g 1RON-LIQUOR, for the ufe of DYERS 
aud PAINTERS. 
. The patentee prefaces this fpecification 
by obferving, that according to the ufual 
procefies in making iron-liquor, a {pace of 
feven weeks is required for the operation ; 
but according to his invention, the fame 
may be brought to perfeétion in two or 
three days. 
Mr. A fhworth’s method is thus defcribed : 
Any metallicioxyd is diflolved in a vegeta- 
ble acid; and as between thele fubftances 
there is lefs affinity than between the fame 
acid and the oxyd of iron ; iron in its metal- 
lic itate 1s added to the above folution, which 
precipitates the metal before diffolved, and 
is taken up in its place. Example: Dif- 
folve about fix ounces of red lead in -vine- 
gar at a boiling heat, which is to be pour- 
ed into a veflel containing pieces of iron, 
and there left to ftand all together about 
twenty-four or thirty-fix hours. The li- 
quor is then boiled with the fame or frefh 
pieces of iron ; and, when cool it is ready 
for ufe. A fimilar effe&t is produced by 
fubitituting any of the oxyds of manga- 
nefe, tin, copper, bifmuth, antimony, or 
arfenic, in the place of lead, or by the fub- 
ftituting any of the vegetable acids infiead 
of vinegar, The application of this 
principle to the making of iron-liquor 
with vegetable acids is ,claimed by Mx. 
Afhworth, as an exclufive privilege. 
The fecond principle, in this {pecifica- 
tion, depends on the folution of any iron 
xyd, as ocre, Venetian red, or Spanifh- 
brown, ina vegetable acid brought toa 
boiling heat, then poured on iron 1 its 
netallic ftate; and after it has ftood a 
day or two, and boiled a fecond time, it 
4s good iron-ligquor and fit for ufe. 
Obferwation of the Patentee-——Although 
the principle of this fecond procel!s differs 
from that defcribed under the firit head, 
and does not depend upon eleétive attrac- 
tion, yet the folution of the metallic iron 
is, probably, effected by its attracting the 
New Patents lately enrolled, 
[ Nov. 1, 
oxygen from the oxyd of iron previoufly 
diffolved, and a compound is by this means 
alfo obtained of a vegetable acid, with 
iron oxydated tothe extent proper for pro- 
ducing good iron-liquor. 
eee ase 
MR. JOSEPH FRYER’S (of RASTRICK, 
YORK) for a machine for the purpofe of 
CUTTING, DRESSING aad FINISHING 
WOOLLEN CLOTH. 
This machine is applicable to the cut- 
ting, &c. the fhag, fur, or pile, from all 
kinds of cloth or woven fabric:tions which 
require the fame, made of woollen or 
worited yarn, down, filk, hair, cotton, or 
linen, ufed for wearing apparel, in a more 
expeditious manner, than has been hitherto 
accomplifhed. It is not poffible to de- 
{cribe the parts of this machine, fo as te 
make it intelligible to the general reader 
without the affiftance of plates. 
After the cloth has undergone the ope- 
ration of fhearing, it is, in its defcent to a 
cylinder, expofed toa current of fteam, 
thrown out irom a horizontal tube with a 
number of apertures, to as to give it foft- 
nefs and pliability ; a brufhing cylinder is 
next made to move againft it, by which 
the remaining wool or fur is laid in one 
direétion. It then paffes between two po- 
lithed metal, hollow,cylinders, kept hot by 
the admiflion of fteam or otherwife, which — 
prefs it firmly, and diffipate all the water 
imbibed from the fteam. 
The fteam employed is procured either 
from a boiler, kept hot for the purpofe, or 
from a {mall fteam-engine, of peculiar con- 
ftruction, made ule of for working the ma- 
chine. / 
The fimplicity of the fteam-engine 
merits a defcription here. A pifton is al- 
ternately prefled upwards and downwards, 
by means of elaftic fteam, in a cylinder 
clofed at both ends, with a wadded hole 
for the pifton-rod to move through, which 
gives motion to a crank and fly, or balance- 
wheel. Inftead of condenfing the fteam, 
as in other engines, it is, in this, fuffered 
to efcape, after it has forced the pifton, in 
either dire€tion, to the end of the cylinder ; 
it is then conduéted through proper yeffels, 
to foften the cloth, and heat the preffing cy- 
linders, or made ule of for any other pur- 
pofe where heat is required, fuch as heat- 
ing drying-houfes, ftoves, hot-houles, &c. 
Remarks by the Patentee.—This mode 
of finifhing cloth gives it a much hand- 
former appearance, and renders it more du- 
rable in wearing, than thofe finifhed in a 
common way, 3 
is List 
