1803.] 
of mills. Iron and wood are its commo- 
dities for trafic. Near the mouth of 
the river are thirty faw-mills of a very 
fimple conftruétion, All the immediately 
working apparatus confifts of a fingle 
faw, a chain, and a cramp-iron to faften 
the faw to the log. It is thought the 
moft advantageous to have but one faw 
for each machine. ‘The planks are ex- 
ported to France and England. Each 
faw pays from thirty to forty rixdollars 
annually to the king. The iron-foun- 
dety belongs to the houfe of Anker of 
Chriltiania, and is one of the beft in Nor- 
way. The ore isa ferruginous, blackifh 
ftone, having in it a confiderable mixture 
of quartz, and fubject to become red in 
the fire. Three or four thoufand tons 
of this ore are, every year, ufed at the 
foundery.. The places for roafting the 
ore are furrounded witha low wall built 
of fcoriz ; and the largeft quantity they 
hold at one time is 300 tons. The ore, 
when roafted, is removed to the pounding- 
mill, to be pounded with great hammers 
moved by the aétion of water. The fame 
axle-tree that moves the hammers, moves 
alfo an apparatus by which the veflel hold- 
ing the ore, is at once hoilted to the upper 
art of the furnace. By this means, the 
abour of conveying the pounded ore from 
the mill to the furnace is, In a gyeat 
meafuie, fpared. The upper furnace is 
large and of a very folid conftruation. It 
lafts about ten months; feldom, if ever, 
forthe whole year.“ During the tenmonths 
for which it is conftantly heated, it fur- 
nifhes every twenty-four hours about a 
ton anda half of iron. In the prepara- 
tion of this quantity more than an bun- 
dred tons of charcoal are confumed. ‘The 
cannon-foundery is fo near to the upper 
furnace, that the metal in fufion is con- 
veyed in fluices from the one to the other. 
The moulds in which the cannon are cait, 
confit of a fuccefiion of layers of tena- 
cious earth, ftrengthened and held to- 
gether by bars and hoops of iron. The 
“cannon were formerly caft with a nutting 
at the middle, which facilitated the boring, 
but made the piece fubjeét to injury by 
rents and fwells. They are now calt per- 
fe&ly folid. A’ diveriity of other in- 
firuments and utenfils cf caft metal are 
likewife made here. |The convenience of 
the river gives, by its abundant fupply of 
water, great accommodation to this ma- 
nufacture. The charcoal is in part pre- 
“pared near the foundery—in part brought 
an by the neighbouring peafants, To 
make the charcoal, pieces of fir are fet 
wp obliquely, one over another, fo as to 
1 PS ge 
‘ 
ee. . 
Analyfis of F. C. Fabricius’s Travels in Norway. 
427 
form a pile in a figure of a runcated 
cone ; thefe are covered with green 
branches of fir with a mixture of chas- 
coal-dult ; the upper part of the cone is 
then fet on fire. One of thefe piles isa 
long while in burning, and yielis from 
1000 to 1500 tons of charcoal. The 
mafter of the charcoal-work receives for 
every ten tons of charcoal fixteen Danifl 
fhillmgs. The price to the peafants is 
feven Danifh marks for every ten tons. 
The ordinary complement of workmen at 
this foundery is 150. The iron is fent 
upon order to Copenhagen and_ other 
towns in Denmark. The afpe& of the 
adjacent country 1s pleafant ; being agree- 
ably diverfified by wood, water, rocks, and 
cultivated fields. 
On their way from Mofs to Tromvigen, 
the travellers obferved crops of hops, flax, 
and other plants, befpeaking a confidera- 
bly improved ftate of agriculture. The 
“way onward to Horten led along a guiphy 
in which, though the wind was high, they 
obferved numberlefs {wimming about with 
great velocity. The fight was interefting 
on account of the livelinefs and diverfity 
of the colours, and of the continual changes 
in the figures effected by the contradic- 
tions and expanfions of their circumfer- 
ence. 
On the zoth of June, they came to 
Toufberg, one of the oldeft towns in 
Norway. There are in it eight churches, 
which are now, however, more than fuf- 
ficient for its population. It has ftill 
fome {mall commerce in. timber, and a re« 
tailtrade with the peafants of the adja- 
cent ¢ountry. On the height of a rock 
which averlooks the town, are ftili to be 
‘feen the ruins of a caftle which was de- 
molified in the reign of Chriftian the 
Second. 
AtW aLLok, between four and five miles 
diftant from Tonfoerg, Mr. Fabricius and 
his companion had opportunity to examine 
the only Salt-works in Norway. The 
water from which the falt of Walloe is 
prepared is tranfmitted through pumps 
which bring it, by means of pipes, fram 
540 feet diftance from the fhore. It is 
elevated to the height of 53 feet ; trom 
which it falls in different itreams, and is 
difperfed over the building below. The 
pumps are fix in number; the fmalleft 
being twelve inches in diameter ; the 
greateft fifteen inches. ‘The buildings 
over which the water pumped up ts dif 
perfed, confift of bafons at the bottom, 
fafcines or bundles of branches and twigs 
in the ‘middle, and fpouts at the top. 
The bafons, fix in‘number, are large aie 
