1803.] 
drawn on three or four wheels, and an iron 
fray may be fixed from the tail-board toaétas 
a preflure on the harrows, fhould an extra 
weight be required to any large quantity 
of gravel. And in addition to femi-circular 
rutlers may be added two fcrapers, to be 
raifed or depreffed at pleafure, in order to 
gather all the dirt, gravel, &c. that may 
efcape the rutlers. 
THOMAS BROWN’S, (ALNWICK,) for a 
MACHINE for CUTTING TALLOW, 
FODDER for CATTLE, &c. Ge. 
This machine confilts of a crank, to 
which is attached a fly-wheel, and work- 
ing rods with parallel joints, which pre- 
vent friction and noilfe. To the lower 
part of the working rods is fixed the knife 
or bruifer, which by the motion of the 
ciank is raifed or driven downwards with 
.the neceflary force required. A trough or 
box is made to flide between the frame- 
work, into which the matter to be cut or 
bruifed is to be put; and the trough itfelf 
is, by means of rack-work, made to move 
forward, by the fame power that turns the 
cranks. On reverfing the motion of the 
crank, it will be driven back again until 
_the matter is fufficiently cut or bruifed. 
‘The motion of the box may be accelerated 
or retarded at pleafure, by mechanical me- 
thods already well known. And the ma- 
chine may be driven by the hand, horfe, 
fteam, water, or any other power, 
The patentee recommends his machine 
for cutting turnips, potatoes, carrots, or 
any other fodder for feeding cattle; for 
cutting or fhredding butchers’ fat and to- 
bacco; for kneading dough, bruifing 
fruits, or any other fubfance requiring the 
fame; from which the following advan- 
tages may be anticipated as certain : 
1. By means of this machine, which is 
extremely portable, as much food may be 
cut by a boy in an hour as will ferve fe- 
veral cattle for a whole day. 2. Hence 
young cattle will not be liable to be 
choaked, as is frequently the cafe, when 
whole turnips are given to them. 3. It 
will caufe them to eat their food clean up, 
and prevent much wafte. 4. In trofty 
weather, turnips, &c. are fo hard, that 
icarcely any beaft can penetrate them, but 
particularly young cattle, when cafting 
their teeth; fo that they are frequently 
nearly ftarved with hunger, and lofe their 
ficth confiderably, which will be obviated 
by the ufe of this machine. 5, The cut- 
ting of tallow in this manner is fo eafy, 
expeditious, and regular, that there will 
be a great faving of labour, time, tallow, 
and fuel, a fact which is faid to have been 
New Patents lately Enrolled. : 
455 
afcertained by all the tallow-chandlers who 
have tried the machine. A man with this 
machine can, with eafe, cut ten ftone in 
five minutes. 6. With refpeét to tobacco, 
it will do its work with equal facility, and 
at a much lower price than many of thofe 
cumbrous machines which are now in ule 
for the purpofe. 
Sa 
MR. THOMAS SAINT'S, (BRISTOL,) fora 
METHOD Of INCREASING the EFFECT 
of STEAM-ENGINES, aud faving FUEL. 
The principle of this invention may be 
thus defcribed: At the bottom of the 
boiler an opening is made nearly as large 
as the flue ; in this opening is fixed a tube, 
through which a communication takes 
place between that part of the fire-place, 
in which the flame or heated air riles or 
circulates, and the interior fpace of the 
boiler in which fteam is produced or main. 
tained, for the fupply of the engine. The 
tube may remain open, but Mr. Saint pre- 
fers the method of clofing it by means of 
a valve, or fafety-tube, fo adjufted as that 
no part of the fteam or heated air con~ 
tained in the interior {pace of the boiler 
fhall be permitted to efcape through the 
opening, but that the flame or heated air 
from the furnace may be admitted, as of- 
(en as the elaftic force or re-aétion of the 
fteam fhall be lefs than any determinate or 
particular degree at which the adjuftment 
of the faid valve fhall open, and allow a 
clear paflage for the flame or heated air. 
Care 1s likewife taken fo to place the fiue, 
with regard to the boiler and the grate, 
that none of the heat may be wafted or 
loft; by which means the effect of the 
engine is increafed, or the expence of fuel 
greatly diminifhed. 
To put the public in full poffeffion of 
this invention, Mr. Saint gives the follow- 
ing direétions. 1. The opening through 
the bottom of the boiler is to be made im- 
mediately over the fire-piace, and the tube 
1s fixed pafling upwards through the body 
of water, fo as to have its upper orifice in 
the clear (pace above the water, ata fuf- 
ficient height to prevent any part of it 
from entering or paffing through the fame. 
2. A valve is to be fixed opening upwards 
at the top, as large as the bore of the pipe 
will admit of. 3. As the weight of the 
valve weuld prevent its rifing, even when 
the ftrength of the fteam was fuch as to 
fuffer the flame or heated air to enter 
through the opening into the boiler, a rod 
is to be fixed to the valve, and pafs through 
the top of the boiler, where it is attached 
to a lever with a counterpoife, which may 
be fet at different diftances on the lever, 
gN2 ccording 
