1563.] 
the negative, the charcoal burns, and the 
gold is melted. 
All the effeéts of the pile on the animal 
body are reducible to,expanfions and con- 
traétions. The feveral parts of the human 
body affume an increafed bulk on the contaét 
of the pofitive pole, and they contract on the 
contaé of the negative. For inftance, the 
action of the pofitive pole on the tongue pro- 
duces in a few minutes a flight elevation, 
whereas the negative pole occafions a little 
depreflion, if a perfon-touch the two poles 
with the hands wetted, the intenfity of the 
pulfe is increafed in the hand in conta& with 
the pofitive pole, while its ftrength is dimi- 
nifhed in the other, but the number of pul- 
fations continues the fame in each. ‘The ex- 
panfion thus produced in the organs is at- 
tended with a fenfation of heat, the contrac- 
tion with a fenfe of cold. If the eye be made 
to communicate with the pofitive pole, it fees 
objects red, larger, and more diftinct; in 
contact with the negative pole, it fees them 
blue, fmaller, and more confufed. The tongue 
receives from the pofitive pole an acid tafte, 
from the negative an alkaline. The car being 
in contact with the former, all founds feem 
more grave ; with the latter, more acute. In 
general the two poles produce oppofite ef- 
fects. 
The Rev. Mr. MarECHAUX, at Weel, 
has invented an Eleftrogafometer, for mea- 
furing the various degrees of electricity in 
the atmofphere ; from the ufe of which he 
has already deduced the following facts: 
a. The rife and fall of eleétricity in the 
atmofphere, has no connection whatever 
with the operations of the thermometer, 
2. The electric matter attains, in the at- 
mofphere, a maximum of activity which 
it feems not to exceed: when thunder- 
ftorms are forming in the air, the degree 
of its activity is not increafed. 3. This 
maximum of activity is the moment when 
rain or fogs are forming, the tky Being 
clear and ferene. While the procefs where- | 
by fogs are formed is going on, the 
elef&trogafometer falls on a fudden, for in- 
ftance, from 29° to 3° or even 2°. 
The French Government having caufed 
a male elephant to be purchafed, to re- 
place the one that died in the Fardin des 
Plantes {ome months ago, the fame had 
already arrived in Paris for fome time, 
and was kept in the inclofure of the Capu- 
chins. At length it was thought proper 
to prefent him to the female, whofe {tate 
of widowhood he is deftined to confole. 
When firft placed in the prefence of each 
other, it was judged, that, according to 
the perfection of inftinét in thefe animals, 
efpecially of that organ which in atfelf 
fomprehends two diftinét fenfes, they 
Literary and Philofophical Intellizence; 
463 
would have perceived and called, as it 
were, to each other, at a diftancé. But 
one who was an eye-witnefs of the faét, 
obferves, that they either did not perceive 
each other at all, or, if they did, it was 
only to retire from each other, The dif- 
tance they were at was but fmall, one 
being in an open ftable, and the other 
clofe by, in the place where the public 
fees them. But for more than half an 
hour, it feemed impoffible, by carefles, by 
gifts, or by blows, to engage them to ap- 
proach each other. This reliftance conti- 
nuing fo long, recourfe was, at lengta, 
had to a rope, by which the new elephant 
that was in the ftable was made to go out, 
to draw him nearthe female. At the mo- 
ment when thefe two animals perceiyed 
each other, their firt movement was to 
fly from each other. Some uielefs attempts 
were made to bring them together ; and 
when the female advanced a tew paces to 
meet her new comrade, the ia‘ter replied 
by blowing with his trunk, with a move-= 
ment fo much bordering upon the ill-hu- 
moured, that i: was matter of fome (urprife 
to fee the female, that heavy, fhapelefs 
mafs, fly at the other extremity. The 
relater of this tact fays, that his imagina- 
tion was as much ftruck with it, as if he 
had feen a mountain run. He informs us, 
that he thea abandoned the place; but, 
according to an hiftory of the interview of 
the two elephants, related in the Gazette 
de France the next day, in the iffue, the 
new comer teftified a fenfible joy in ob- 
ferving the companien that was deftined 
for him, . 
In the Journal de Paris it is afferted 
that the large machinery for coining, at 
Scho near Birmingham, was invented by 
J. P. Droz, a celebrated French me- 
chanician, who in 1787 fold his invention 
to Mr Boulton, 
‘Iron and fteel utenfils, when expofed 
to the contact of air, or moifture, foon 
tarnifh, and are covered with a coat of 
ruft, which renders them unfit for the 
ufes they were deftined for. A great 
number of vamifhes have been recom. 
mended for preventing this inconvenience, 
and to preferve the polifh of their fur- 
face. It appears that the oil of Cacao 
pofeffes this valuable quality in an emi- 
nent degree ; and Creu aflures ys that 
he has employed it with fucceis. From 
various trials to find 2 fubftitute for that 
exotic oil, it is {aid that we might ufe 
inftead of it oil cf eels, which can almoft 
every where be procured in abundance. 
302 Count 
