Reirofpect of Domeftic Literature,—Politics, Finance, te 617. 
inhabitants.” In this part of his fub- 
je&t, Mr. Brougham oppofes the idea of 
the Economifts, that colonies ought to 
be confidered as foreign ftates, and ar- 
gues that they fhould be looked upon 
merely as extenfions of the parent {tate 
into regions adapted to the production 
of articles which cannot be raifed at 
home. This connection is kept up by 
the circulation of the principal inhabi- 
tants, by the commercial intercourfe, 
by the weakne({s incident to parts re- 
mote from the feat of government, and 
above all, by the relation of a common 
origin, fimilar habits, and identity of . 
language. The manner in which co- 
lonies contribute to the political force 
of an empire is next confidered. It 
has generally been imagined that the 
poffeffion of colonies is an additional 
caufe of war; but from an ample re- 
view of the political events. of the laft 
century, this does not appear to be 
true; and Mr. Brougham even thinks 
that, as they increafe the frontier to be 
defended, and offer of courfe a greater 
number of vulnerable points, that the 
poflefiors of them are lefs willing to en- 
gage in conteft ; at any rate they occa- 
fion a diverfion which contributes to 
the tranquillity of thofe ftates. Their 
political utility, however, Mr. Brough- 
am fhows, is. not confined to warding 
off the miferies of war from the parent 
empire, but they pay their own ex- 
pences, and even furnifh a furplus re- 
venue for general ufes. Mott of the 
rich proprietors alfo living in the pa- 
rent-ftate, thus contribute a further 
fhare to its revenues. A comprehen- 
five review is now taken of the com- 
mercial relations of colonies, in which 
Mr. Brougham endeavours to prove 
that the trade with them isin fact a 
home-trade. After having laid down 
fome general principles as to mono- 
poly, and the regulation of commer- 
cial intercourfe, he concludes the firit 
book by applying thefe principles to the 
American colonies of the Europeans. 
The fecond book is taken up. with 
the foreign relations of the colonies, 
as connected with their dependence on 
their parent-ftates, the re-eitablifhment 
of the French power in the Welt In- 
dies, and the confequence of the Afri- 
cans becoming independent in St. Do- 
mingo. The third book treats of the 
foreign relations of ftates pofleffing co- 
lonies, in which Mr. Brovgham makes 
ule of many arguments to fhow that all 
g 
thofe powers are under an abfolute ne- 
ceffity to unite in ftopping the difor- 
ders which have ravaged the French 
iflands, He even thinks that if France, 
by the affiftance afforded her, might by 
degrees get the whole of the colony 
mto her hands, that even that would 
be preferable to fuffering the Africans 
to form an independent ftate. This 
cafe, however, is not very fatisfaétorily 
made out. Mr. Brougham {fuppofes 
that France would withdraw her at- 
tention from England, if allowed to 
turn her forces to the reduction of her 
rebellious fubjeéts, and that the im- 
provement of that country would en- 
able its pofleflors to underfell the pro- 
duce of the Weit Indies in all the mar- 
kets of Europe, thus occafioning what 
he calls the natural death ‘of the old 
colonial fyftem, whilft the fuceefs of 
the Africans would occafion what he 
confiders as its violent death. If France 
fhould get poffeflion of England, he 
propofes that Great Britain fhould 
feize on Syria as an equivalent. The 
domeftic police of the colonies occu- 
pies the fourth book. .Here Mr. 
Brougham contends that the free-ne- 
gro fyltem, as ftated in the * Crifis of 
the Sugar Colonies,’ is more dange-. 
rous and lefs ufeful than the prefent 
fyitem. He prefers the intire abolition 
of the flave-trade, which would force 
the planter to attend to his prefent 
ftock. The information contained in 
thefe volumes is various, and the fug- 
geftions on colonial-politics, for the 
moft part, wife and falutary.. 
Till within the laft fix months we 
have remarked a dearth of political 
pamphlets, which, in feafons of high 
national intereft and emergency, is 
very unufual. The Britifh prefs, in- 
deed, has teemed with penny patriotic 
traéts, calculated to roufe the {pirit of 
the country in oppofition to an invad- 
ing foe ; but a perfect apathy ‘feemed 
to have fallen on us as to more general 
politics, and during the recefs of Par- 
liament we feemed to be very indifte- 
rent as to the meafures which Govern- 
ment were purfuing. We have been 
revived from this torpor by the appear- 
ance of two or three pamphlets, which 
have excited an animated and well- 
managed controverfy. A pamphlet . 
intitled, “* Curfory Remarks upon the 
State of Parties,” 1s afcribed to a mem- 
ber of the Houfe of Addington, and is 
underftood to {peak the fentiments of 
Minifters 
