‘ 
a4 
the produ&tions.of the foutherly climates, 
fuch as catton, filk, gold, filver, horfes, 
eainels, honey, ichthyocolla, or ifinglaf, 
- eaftor, rhubarb, wool, goats horns, feal- 
ikins, peltry, fakpetre, linfeed, and lin- 
feed-oil, pitch, tallow, &c. 
The balance of trade, however, always 
inclines in favour of Ruffia. However 
dear the natives may acquire their mer- 
eantile commodities, they have nothing to 
lofe, becaufe they do not purchaie—they 
enly exchange. Inthe year 1789, there 
was fhipped from the port of Archangel, 
for Amiterdam, 51,783 tons of linfeed ; 
for Hamburgh, 10,987 tons of rye, and 
17,400 tons of wheat; for Lifbon, 52,812 
tons of wheat, and 1803 tons of rye 5 for- 
Barcelona, 24,110 tons of rye ; and for 
Marfeilles, 1673 tons of rye. The tribe, 
or nation, of Kirguis alone purchafe, 
every year, five thoufand fheep, the tallow 
ef which they vend abroad. 
In 1775, Ruffia gained, by a commer- 
cial exportation of thirty-two millicns, 
the fum of nine millions of roubles ; and 
in 1780, a Jarger fum, with a commercial 
frock of thirty-fix millions. ‘The expor- 
tation, from 1780 to 1790, amounted, 
for Peterfburgh alone, to more than thir- 
teen millions of roubles, 2ad the importa- 
tion to hardly twelve millions. The 
reader may form an idea of the augmenta- 
tion of this commerce, by the following 
progrefiive lift : 
in 1780, the entries amounted to 
%,6c0,000 roubles ; and the exportatioi 
to 10,900,000. In 1785, the entries to 
40,009,000 roubles ; and the exportation 
to :3,400,c00. In 1790, the entries to 
45,600,000; and the exportation to 
¥9,000,000. Andin 1795, to 18,500,000, 
and the exportation to 21,300,000. 
Ruffia has three ' grand refources, 
whereby fhe may continually carry on an 
advantageous commerce with foreigners. 
x. The augmentation of her produce.— 
2. The working up of raw materials, 
hitherto abandoned to. the induftry of fo- 
reigners ;—and 3. ‘The means of produ- 
cing within heifelf {uch articles. as fhe 
now receives from abroad. ‘Thefe three 
points require fome further illuftraticn. 
Ameng the mercantile commodities, 
the confamption of which has been aug- 
mented’in the interior, by luxury, .to the 
detriment, of .exportation, may be reckon- " 
ed.a number of articles, fuch as oxen, 
leather, tallow, ifinglafs, peltry, fim- 
ber, hemp, &c.- If the quantity of thele 
commodities were augmented, the, ba- 
lance of foreign commerce would be -cf- 
tegtually infored ; in fact, leather, oxen, 
On the Confumpticn and Commerce of Ruffia. - — [Feb. 1j 
and hides, forma principal article inthe © 
commerce of Ruffia. In1790, beet was 
fold to the amount of 81,000 roubles, 
-and was only purchafed to the amount of 
25,000; leather was fold to the amount 
of 2,500,000 roubles, and tallow to the 
amount of 1,103,009 robles: Thé 
fouthern diffrifts of the Ruffian Empire, 
Aifvacan, Orenberg, the Governments 
cf Afoph, Perm:, and Twer, raifea pro 
digious number of eattle, the keeping of 
whieh is not fo burdenfome as agriculture, 
becaule nature defrays the whole charge. 
A good management of the ASfheries 
would afford very contiderable profits on 
ifingiafs and caviar ; thefe fpecies of ftur- 
geon are very tommon in the Wolga.— 
The fale of caviar may produce about 
g0,000 roubles; and that of ifinglafs 
more than $0,000 ditto. The mouths of 
the rivers Oby and Jenifer abound hke- 
wifeim this fort of ffh. The exportation 
of fith-oil, which amounts to about 
300,000 rubles annually, isy inlike man- 
ner, fufceptible of a confiderable augmen- 
tation. ‘There is a whale-fifhery at the 
entrance of the Gulph de Kola. 
Ruffia fells {kins to the value of more> 
than eight hundred thoufand roubles, and 
buys only to the amount of fifty thoti- 
fand. The difcovéry of the Kurile Iles, 
the Aleutic, and thofe called the Fox 
Iflands, is of incalculable importance for 
commerce, in refpect of their valuable 
peltry ; thefe iflands fwarm with fox:s, 
zibelines, or fables, hares, &c. In 1788, 
a fociety of Ruffian merchants brought 
from thence to Kamichatka 581. otters, 
2747 blue and black foxes, and 6438 
common foxes.. In 1791, there were 
fhipped from the port of Peterfburgh 
alone 572,843 hare-fkins, 42,371 pieces 
of petit-gris, 1873 bear-fkins, 2740 er- 
mines, 6238 foxes-fkins, 272 wolves- 
fkins, and 393 .wild-cats-fkins 5 to which 
may be added, the beautiful theep-fkins 
of the Kirguis and of the Kalmucks. 
The produGians of the forefts are no 
lefs confiderable. Riga furnifhes annu- 
ally 250.000 mats, and the exportation of 
this article alone amounts for all Ruffia to 
300,000 mats. It is difficult to conceive 
where they get bark enough to fabricate | 
them. In timber for building, they ex- 
port to. about 1,500;0000 roubles ;_ in 
pitch and refin, about 106,900 roubles ; 
in potafi, 78,000. roubles. The forefts 
about Okka, Mokfcha, and Kama, fa- - 
mous. for their lime-trees, furnifh fine 
wax, excellent honey, and much bark.— 
Of raw hemp, there is anaually exported 
to the amount of more than 30,000,000 
roubles ; 
