* white wax, 
1804. ] 
roubles ; in cordage, about’r00,000 5 in 
fail-cloth, about 365,000 ; in linfeed-oil, 
170,000 ; and inoil, about 320,000-7r0u- 
bles. 
The fecond refource that Ruffia enjoys 
for the carrying on of a confiderable com- 
merce, is the manufacture of its raw pro- 
duétions, as wax, tallow, potafh, hair, 
rye, flax, iron, copper, &c. 
The annual-exportation. of yellow wax 
is about 112,000 roubles; and in can- 
dles, about 8,o00 roubles. It would be 
highly advar.tageous ito eftablith wax- 
bleacheries, in order to be able to export 
In 1792, the exportation of 
tallow amounted to 968,000 roubles ; in 
candles, to 95,000,; in hogs-briftles, to 
89,000 ; and in hares-fkins, to 72,000.— 
The art of manufacturing hats is not, as 
yet, generally known; it-is only fome 
German colonies eftablifhed at Sarataw, 
at St. Peterfburg, and at Jekatarmoflaw, 
that practife it. Ruffia exports in wheat 
about 1,000,000 of roubles, ahd in rye 
about 60,000, including both the con- 
veyance of the Black Sea.and the Baliic. 
Hemp and flax are here of a very fupe- 
rior quality,| and: efpecially that which is 
brought to Riga and to Denja.. The ex- 
portation of linfeed-oil is about 300,000 
roubles ; of linfeed, about 105,000 ; of 
hemp, 2,000,000 ; ‘of flax, .more than 
3,000,000; of fail-cloth and cordage, 
¥,500,000., Were the manufactories of 
thefe two laft articles multiplied, the pro- 
fits would be ftill more confiderable.— 
Iron might alfo be rendered more produc- 
tive for fale than it is. it is exported to 
the amount of about 1,897,000 roubles ; 
and in hardware, about 25,000: they im- 
port for about 15,000. In copper and 
Jead they -export for about 71,000 rou- 
bles, of which 45,000 is manufactured. 
It cannot be denied that Ruffia might 
manufacture within herfelf a great num- 
ber of articles that have been hitherto 
bought of foreigners. Her commercial 
exports would not be thereby diminitfhed, 
as fhe exports only objects of prime ne- 
ceflity, and fuch as are not eahily to be 
found elfewhere. Fiom the negligence 
that generally prevails in Ruffia, with 
regard to the keeping of fheep, there is an 
annual import to the value of 300,000 
roubles, both for wool and for ftuffs.— 
* The Kirguis, in the government of Oren- 
burg, have a fort of theep, with thick 
tails, whofe wool is foft and long; fome 
individuals have not Jefe than two thou- 
Zand. in their poffeffion ; of thefe they fll 
to the European Ruffians to the yalue of 
Montuty Mac. No, iit» 
On the Confumption and Commerce of Ruffiae 
_ foles. 
Or 
about 25,000 roubles. An article equal- 
ly effential is the hair of the Angora goat 5 
they purchafe of it to the amount of about 
77,000 roubles, both raw and manufac- 
tured. . 
At Mofcow and Peterfburgh there are a 
number of filk manufaétories, but no 
fufficient for the accommodation of che 
country. They import not only to the 
amount of more than 1,500,000 roubles 
of filk-goods, but likewile about 400,000 
roubles for raw filk. Thereisno want of 
mulberry-trees, however, which grow in 
great numbers on the banks of the Wol- 
ga, the Sarpa, the Don, and_in the 
Ukraine, &c. Itis only at Aftracan, at 
Czarizin, at Kiow, and at Mofkwa on the 
Tereck, that flkworms are under proper 
management. Cochineal is found in 
Ruflia ; it is imported, neverthelefs, to 
the amount of 150,000 roubles, and ex- 
ported to the Perfians and Bucharians te 
the value of 130,000. Inthe country of 
Belgorod, and in the Woronetz, there is 
an infect very much like the Indian co- 
chineal, called /milka or tcherwetz, and 
which attaches itfelf to the roots of wild 
ftrawberries, of rye, of the cinque-foil ; 
this infect yields the fame colour, but 
with lefs luftre. Gall nuts,-of which te 
the value of about 5000 roubles is an- 
nually imported, are found in great abun. 
dance on the oak-leaves in the forefts.— 
Ruffia purchafes to the value of about 
1500 roubles of writing-pens,. although 
there is no want of geeie in the country. 
The fkin of the buffalo, as is well 
known, affords the bef leather for fhoe- 
It is an important article for the 
commerce of Smyrna. Aftracan, Oren- 
burg, Cafan, the governments of Azow, 
of Woronefch, and of Charkow, abound 
in buffaloes and cows; there the climate 
and the pafturage are alike excellent.— 
The bark of oak, fo ufefulin tanning, is 
found in ean quantities; and. were 
it carried in the Englifh manner, might 
fave to Rufha sor 6000. roubles, which 
are annually paid for the importation-of 
leather. The butter and cheefe of the 
baffalo are excellent, and by augmenting 
thefe produftions, they might keep at 
home to the value of 40,000 roubles, 
which are now expefded for thefe articles 
in foreign countries. The Rufhan horfes 
are firm and compact in their make ; they 
have a large cheft, and a very long and 
meagre neck 3 they run quick, and laft.a 
long time; but they are feldom either 
large-fized or handfome : they are all very 
headftrong, The beft are in the Ukraine, 
E and 
