672 | Retrofped of German Literature.—Education and Theology. 
unworthy of, perufal. There were 
likewife feveral works deferving of no- 
tice, in which the principles of philo- 
fophy are applied to the improvement 
of the {cience of 
EDUCATION. 
The great KanT himielf, WAGNER, 
and feveral others, who treated philo- 
fophically of education, condefcended 
even to give initructions relative to. the 
teaching children toe read. The work 
entitled, “« F. Kant uber Pedagogik,” 
edited by Dr. Rink, is a coilection of 
Kant’s Opinions on Education, founded 
on his fyitem, and applied in confidera- 
ble detaiJ both to difcipline and in- 
ftrucstion. WaGner’s * Philofophie der 
Erzichungskunft”—Philofophy of Edu- 
cation, comprehends the whole of the 
life of man, following him, with the 
penetrating eye of natural philofo- 
phers, from the fir! moments of bis 
exiftence through all the relations of 
life, —JOHANNSEN’sTreatife “‘ uber das 
Bedirfnifs und die Méglichkeit einer 
Wiffenfchaft der Padagogik’”’—on the 
Want and the Pofibility of a Science 
of Pedagogics—is drawn up according 
to the ideas of Fichte.. The fame fub- 
jet has been treated with greater free- 
dom from the prevailing rage for {y{- 
ematifing, by Profefflor Weiss, of 
Leipzig, in the ‘ Beytrage zur Er- 
ziehungskunit? —-Contributions to- 
wards the Art of Education, publifhed 
by him conjointly with TiLLicn. 
The latter gentleman (a difciple of 
Oxvivier, of Deflau, author’ of an 
efteemed Elementary Book for teaching 
the Rudiments of Knowledge) and Jo- 
HANNSEN, analyzed and examined the 
principles of Psstavrozzi, known by 
feveral former works, ana by the prac- 
tical appiication of a new original me- 
thod of infiruction, at his {chool in 
Burgdorf in Swiizerland, and who has 
now in feveral elementary works fur- 
ther developed his plan, which compre- 
hends language, figure, and numbers, 
as being the firit rudiments of human 
knowledge. SOyaux, who had vifit- 
ed Peftaluzzi’s Infiitute in Switzerland, 
and feverai other autvors, wrote Trea- 
tifes on thisnew Method of Teaching. 
OLIVIER’s “Mode of Learning toRead 
with Eafe and Difpatch,”’ in like man- 
ner excited confiderabie attention: the 
king of Pruffia gave a reward to the 
inventor, but did not, as had been ex- 
pected, order his method to be intro- 
duced in the {chools of his dominions. 
This was done; however, elfewhere; 
as we learn frem feveral publications. 
PoutmMann and StepuHanr lkewife 
communicated fimilar methods for fa- ; 
cilitating the teaching of the firft rudi- 
ments of knowledge. 
As for the numerous Publications 
for the Ufe of Children and young peo- 
ple, we fhall notice only the following, 
as being diftinguithed by fuperior me- 
rit, viz. thofe of the Provoft and Teach- 
ers of the Inftitute at Snepfenthal, in 
the Duchy of Gotha, SaALZMANN, 
GutsmuTH, Guiatz, &c.; of fome 
{chool-mafters in Saxony, fuch as 
Douz and ENGELHARD; of the late 
Mir. THIERKE, whofe papers are now 
preparing for the prefs by fome of 
his friends; and laftly of FUNKE, 
VietH, &c. of Deffau, where Bafe- 
dow was formerly employed in effect- 
ing areform of the f{chools. 
The influence of the neweft {chools 
of philofophy and metaphyfics was 
likewife very perceptible in many other 
departments of {cience. We fhall not, 
however, take our retrofpect from this 
point of obfervation; but for the fake 
of variety ftrike into another path, and, 
without making thefe attempts to found 
all parts of knowledge on fixed princi- 
ples, the principal objects of our atten- 
tion, only point them out to our rea- 
ders as an occafion may prefent itielf. 
THEOLOGY. 
In Biblical Criticifm there was again 
a -moft produtive harveft: befides 
fmall Treatifes, Inaugural Differtations, 
and feveral Journals and Collections, a 
great number of feparate works made 
their appearance. We fhall firft take 
notice of new editions of two very dif- 
ferent editions of the New Teftament. 
That of GrizsBacH, which is weil- 
known to biblical fcholars, even out 
of Germany, was reprinted in a moft 
{plendid manner by Gofchen of Leip- 
zig, the Didot of Germany, with 
his new-inyented Greek types; whilf 
on the other hand, MaTTH&1 of Wit- 
tenbeig, in the fecond edition of his 
« Novum Teftamentum Grecum ad 
Cod. Mofq.”’ again vomits forth againit 
that eminent critic and Semler a great 
variety of the moft energetic terms 
of abufe furnifhed by the German, 
Latin, and Greek languages, and takes 
infinite pains to depreciate their opi- 
niohs relative to the diftinguifhing 
certain very ancient recenfions of tie 
text.—BircCH, of Copenhagen, gave us, 
as an appendix to his edition of the 
New Teftament, a ‘* Codex apocry- 
phus Novi Teltamenti.”—Of PauLvUs’s 
valuable ‘* Commentar tiber das N. T.” 
Com- 
