07.] 
fitted to slide upon the side pieces of the 
frame, and are screwed to the bar so as 
that the sard last menuoned half shall be 
moveable backwards and forwards at the 
‘eaine time, and by the same action which 
moves the: sliders, and shall be applied 
avainst the other half when the sliders 
have moved as tar forward as the machi- 
nery will admit. &n the two halves of the 
matrix-bar are cut apertures through 
which the metal is poured into the moulds 
to make types. 
Boner nnts aay 
MR. WILLIAM CUBII1’S (NORTH WAL- 
stam), fora Method of equalizing the 
Motion of the Sails of Windmills. 
‘This invention consists in applying to 
windmills an apparatus which shall cause 
the vanes, constructed ina new manner, 
to regulate themselves, so as to preserve 
an unzform velocity, under those circum- 
stances in which the wind would other- 
wise ivregularly impel them, as is the 
ease with the sails or vanes of mills of 
the present construction. This object is 
accomplished by forming the vanes with 
fewer cross bars or shrouds than in the 
common method, and: filling up the re- 
maining open space with small flat sur- 
faces, formed either of boards or sheet 
iron painted, or any other fit substance. 
‘The same is suspended on their ends by 
gudgeons, pivots, centres, &c. so as to 
open and shut like valves. These valves 
are applied to vanes of the present con- 
struction by suspending them to the cross 
bars or shrouds of the vane by their lon- 
gitudinal edges, to which they are fas- 
tcned by joints: they are so constructed 
as to present a greater or less surface to 
the wind, according as it acts with more 
or less furce on them; and ifthe wind be 
very strong or Ingh, the valves by its im- - 
pulse would turn their edges to it, and 
their surfaces paraliel to the direction of 
the wind; the vanes would: consequently 
remain stationary, or at least have but 
little motion. Te obviate this difficulty, 
there is an apparatus which causes the 
valves always to present their flat sur- 
faces to the wind, or such portion of their 
surfaces as may be desirable. 
The advantages peculiar to this new 
method of equalizing the motion of wind- 
mill sails will appear more striking by a 
comparison with the inconveniences of 
those heretofore used, whether those of 
the common sort or those that reef them- 
selves by means of their centrifugal force. 
The first require the constant attention 
of the miller to every gale of wind that 
eomes; and it is frequently with the 
greatest difculty and danger that he 
New Patents lately enrolled. 
$9 
can get his cloth in quickly enough to 
avoid the storm; which if he successfully 
accomplishes, it 1s with the loss of much 
time. With the second, though they save 
the time and trouble of stopping to reef, 
they are by no means void of danger, ag 
the sails receive the whole impulse of the 
gale, and attain a very great velocity be- 
fore they can reef themselves at all, and 
thereby cause a motion in the mill as une 
equal as the wind which turns it, besides 
the extra wear and tear of the machi- 
nery, which suffers very much from such 
unequal motion. And should a mill of 
either of these constructions be left stand- 
ing still with all the cloth out and be taken 
with a sudden gale of wind, great risk is 
run of losing all the sails; whereas in 
such cases, these sails are perfectly safe, as 
there can never be more force exerted 
upon the sails in any gale than is suffi- 
cient to do the work of the mill, whether 
they be in motion or at rest, without 
ever altering their angle of weather, 
Another great advantage is, that when 
they are close reefed they do not present 
so much surface to the wind as those of 
any other construction, Jet them be taken 
in any direction whatever. 
Besides, to the aforesaid advantages, 
which are peculiar to these improved 
sails, the ease and expedition with which _ 
they may be reefed and clothed by hand 
is an additional recommendation tothem, 
especially as it requires neither judement: 
nor experience in the person who does its 
for by taking off the weig&t and pulling 
the rope, all the sails may be close-reefed 
m the short space of three or four se- 
conds. 
a 
MR, JOHN BYWATER’S (OF RATCLIFF Choss 
STAIRS, LONDON, AND OF THE TOWN OF 
NOTTINGHAM), for a Method of reefing 
the Square-satis, particularly the ‘Lop- 
sails, of all navigable Vessels, by a Roli= 
ang Reef, from the Head of the Sail. 
The advantage this patent holds out to 
nautical men, consists in enabling them 
to reef without starting the sheets, except 
of the lower sails, without shaking the 
sail, and without going a-loft. 
The means employed in producing this 
effect, Mr. Bywater describes as consist- 
ing principally in a roller turning on iron 
gudgeons, which, having collars to keep 
them steady, work in sockets in the iron 
arms, fixed on yards of the ordinary 
form, at or near the cleats at the yard- 
arms, These iron arms project from the 
fore-part of the yard, from six to ten 
inches, in proportion to the size of the 
12 yard 
