34 
the poor is undoubtedly an evil, but it 
is an evil that would operate w ith com- 
paratively little effect, if it had not been 
assisted and, encouraged by other causes 
much more pow erful. 
The hypothesis, that assigns the in- 
crease of pauperism to the great addi- 
tional taxation, under which this country 
now labours, may be dismissed in a few 
words. Those to whom the government 
of nations is committed have gained at 
least so much knowledge and experience, 
as not to drive the labouring c’ass, by ex- 
cessive taxation, to such a state of po- 
verty, as to render their necessary main- 
tenance an additional burden to the com- 
munity. This hypothesis, however, is not 
only destitute of the support of facts, but 
it is also contrary to the general princi- 
ple of taxation. No tax “of z any amount 
can be permanently supplied from a sav- 
ing of expenditure. The produce of sur- 
plus or additional labour is the only 
secure and sufficient fund: and the la- 
bouring class in general, on accurate and 
extended observation, will be found to 
be more benefited by the increased de- 
mane, which additional taxation produces 
for workmen, than they are injured by any 
diminution of income in the shape of taxes. 
if the master-workman finds it necessary, 
in order to pay 2 new tax, to manufactuire 
an additional quantity of goods, he does 
not require the additional! labour of the 
vorkman without additional wages, as his 
part of the pone BuHee tomate bringing 
that to market, from which he himself de- 
rives poadvantage. Itis plain, frem this 
statement, that when an additional article 
is manufactured, in order to pay a new 
aes the master gives up part of his ca- 
pital, and his own labour; while, on the 
contrar y, the workman sacrifices nothing ; 
but, for his additional labour, gains addi- 
tional wages. 
In this review of the assigned causes of 
pauperism, we have omitt ed some, and 
may appear not to have entered sufii- 
ciently into a detailed examination of 
those which have been noticed. The ge- 
neral principle of those we have omitted, 
coincides, it 1s appiehereee almost en- 
tirely with the principle of those which 
have been examined: of course, if the 
objections stated are valid avainst the 
latter, they will be equally valid, and may 
be applies d with equai propriety and suc- 
coss against the former. A more detailed 
€xanunation seemed neither necessary, 
nor compatible with our limits, As the 
principal object was to clear the way for 
an enquiry into the most proper aad ef- 
On the two Latin Conjunctions sed and at. 
fAug. Ij. 
fectual mede for ascertaining the causes 
of the increase of pauperism, when we 
enter on this enquiry, we shall have occa- 
sion to detail particular facts, and lay 
down particular arguments, in elucidae 
tion and support ef what has now been 
advanced, chiefly on general principles. 
Mette. co 
To the Editor of the Monthly Maguzime. 
SIR, 
SHALL be obliged to any of your 
numerous intelligent correspondents 
who can inform me through the channel 
of your Magazine, what they conceive to 
be the exact difference between the two 
Latin conjunctions sed and a@é,.both of 
them being translated into fae English 
word but, and yet seeming to have a 
somewhat different meaning in Latin. 
For. instance, if I wanted to say, 
This thing isa good deal like the, other, 
Bur it is much smailer ; I should not say, 
sed multo minor; but ot mult@ minor. 
And on the contrary, if I were {0 say, 
The ancients had no paper books to write 
upon, BUT they used parchment ; I should 
in this instance use the word sed, and 
conceive af to be very wrong. 1 ‘could 
ee many more instances of this kind, 
if it were needful. 
Tooke, in his book entitled, Ese 
Tsepoevre 5 or, Diversions of Purley, says, 
that the English conjunction but has 
two distinct meanings, and ought, there- 
fore, to be spelled differently. oI hey are 
derived, he says, from two Anglo-Saxon 
verbs. The one from the Anglo-Saxon 
verb bute, butan, or be-utan. The other 
from botan, which ought to be spelled 
*bot. as it is in old English books before 
the 14th century.. I should like to have 
the opinions of some of your correspon- 
dents on this subject, and ‘shall be obliged 
by the insertion of thus. Your’s, &e. 
June 13, 1807. 6 a 
—= 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
On the late INSTALLATION Of @ GRAND 
SANHEDRIM of the JEWS 2” PARIS. 
MONG the unexpected revolutions 
LX of the ave, and the projects of the 
modern Charlemagne, conceived with a 
terrible audacity for the many, or with 
more than human solicitude for the griev- 
ances of the few, was the late installa- 
* This word ot (says Horne Tooke, in the 
above quoted work) has te same meahing 
as sedin latin, and mais in French. But there 
is no word in any language which answers to 
our word ézt, because a similar corruption 
has not taken place in any other language. 
tion 
