1807.] 
brought forward as satisfactorily account- 
ing for the increase of pauperism, are 
not only devoid of proof, as to the etlects 
attributed to them, but are also at com- 
plete variance with those principles of 
political economy which are most firmly 
established, and most general in their 
application: and as principles are merely 
such facts as are found to occur uniform- 
ly and const autly amidst a variety of ac- 
companying circumstances, when any 
thing stated as a fact is found to contra- 
vene a well established principle, it 
should be given up, or, at least, suspect- 
ed, and carefully inquired into, as astrik- 
ing and single exception to a multitude 
of tacts found to accord in a great va- 
riety of accompanying circumstances. 
Keeping these remarks 1n view, let us ex- 
amine some of the principal and more 
popular causes to which the increase of 
pauperism has been attributed, in order 
that we inay hereafter enter, with less 
incumbrance, and greater probability of 
success, on the very important enquiry, 
respecting the mode that ought to be fol- 
lowed in investigating the causes Ob, the 
increase of the evil alluded to. $ @X- 
amination will be advantageous, aot only 
by calling the attention from what is 
false or visionary, but. also as indirectly 
pointing out the principles that will lead 
us to the truth. The assigned causes 
will be examined, 
dence and probability of the effects, with 
which they are charged; and likewise as 
to their conformity to the principles er 
general facts of the science, to which 
this subject belongs. 
The enlargement of the size of farms 
has long borne the odium of diminishing 
population, or, at least, of increasing the 
number pheaap sts That this should be 
regarded, and held up to public reproba- 
tion, as an adequate and leading cause of 
pauperism by those who are not inclin- 
ed, or not able, to look beyond the im- 
mediate consequence which uniformly 
and necessarily results from it, is not to 
be wondered at; but it certainly is sur- 
prising that those who profess to give a 
character to actions from. their durable 
and veneral effects alone, should have 
joined in the clamour against what they 
term a monopoly of farms. The preju- 
dice that within these few years prevail- 
ed so strongly, and manifested itself 
with such outrageous zeal against the in- 
troduction of machinery in the cotton 
manufacture, is now universally con- 
verted into an experienced conviction of 
the utility of the improvements, It 
The Enquirer.—No. XXIII. 
both as to the evi- 
31 
would be difficult, however, te name a 
single point of importance, in which the 
saving of labour in the cultivation of land 
differs from the saving of labour in the 
manufacture of cotton. The cases may 
be paralleled in another circumstance; 
By the introduction of machinery, not 
only was labour saved, but the fabric 
was also better manufactured ; IN a suuni- 
lar manner the education, capital, and 
practical knowledge of the apriculturist 
who is able to take. a large ia and the 
state of cultivation in nen large farms 
are actually found, suthciently indicate, 
that more produce, and of a better qua- 
lity, is raised with less labour on large 
farms. 
It is an unfounded assertion, that, 
though the produce brought to market as 
increased, the price will not be lowered; 
and that, therefore, the landed proprie- 
tor and the farmer alone are benefited 
by superior cultivation, or the saving of 
labour: for diminution. of price, and 2 
greater facility of supporting a family, 
wil necessarily follow a more abundant 
market. Whether those who are obliged 
to quit their farais by what is called the 
monopolizing system, will be.enabled to 
profit, as well as the rest of the commu- 
nity, by this diminution of price, will de- 
pend on a circumstance, which in the 
blind declamation against Jange farms has 
never becn regarded, though it is evi- 
dent that on this circumstance alone de-+ 
pends the force of the arguments, and 
the propriety and justice of the invec- 
tives, that are employed on this subject. 
These declaimers epatd bring forward 
instances of families that, after having 
lost their f farms, were unable to find em- 
ployment for their labour and capital, 
Weare told that they were driven from 
their employments, and so would mul- 
titudes where the spade and plough were 
first introduced; but the enemies of 
large farms sh cate ee able to bring for- 
ward instances where the capital and 
Jabour formerly employed in agriculture, 
were thrown on the community without 
demand: where the man with capital 
was obliged to live on his principal, and 
the labouri ing man, from want of em ploy- 
ment, was obliged to depend on tie VO- 
oe y or compulsory assistance of the 
community. That immediate, tempo- 
rary, individual cistress has arisen, and 
must arise, froma forced chanve of em- 
ployment, is ally Bede ; but, iad the dread 
of transient and partial evil been always 
so powerful and general as to have limited 
the perception aud tue plas of mankind 
to 
