16 
them the proof that his life and morals 
are not bettered by his studies. 
Nor would learning be any way les- 
sened by increased caution for the pre- 
servation of our books, for by such care 
they. would be more often found in our 
“apartments for the entertainment er edi- 
fication of a visitor; and the manners of 
the age would certainly be more im- 
roved, were our card ayd Pharo t:bles 
bandoned for the more rational pastime 
ef reading. Yours, &c. 
Nov. 14, 1806. J. M. Frinpatt. 
aa Se 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
THE ANTIQUARY. 
No. XIV. 
THE INTRODUCTION AND USE OF 
GLASS IN WINDOWS. 
HAT the use of glass for many pur- 
poses was known in this country 
long previously to the arrival of the Nor- 
mans, cannot be doubted for a moment. 
Among the Romans, we find it princi- 
pally applied in beads, urns, cups, and 
_patere ; and in one instance, probably to 
be assigned to the same period, we read 
of a glass coffin.* William of Malmes- 
bury tells us, that at Weremouth, in the 
county of Durham, Benedictus Biscop 
built two churches, one dedicated to St. 
Peter, the other to St. Paul; adding, 
«“ The readers of his life will admire his 
€N 
* Compare Douglas’s Neenia Britannica. 
Sepulchr. Mon of Gr, Britain, vol. L. p. 13, 
14, 44, 455 vol. II. p. 53; Camden Brit. 
edit. 1789, vol. III. p. 2023; Leland Itin. 
vol. VI. p. 75. The cabinets of the curious 
afford many instances of lachrymatories and 
cinerary urns of glass. Onthe application of 
it to windows in other countries, the writers 
of classical antiquity are silent. The earliest 
mention of the kind is probably to be found 
in the following passage of Lactantius (De 
Opifcio Dei, cap. v.), ‘* Manifestius est, 
mentern esse, que per oculos ea, quz sunt 
@pposita, transpiciat, quasi per fenestras lu- 
cente vitro autspeculari lapide obductas.” We 
Jearn from Bede, considerably later, that in 
his time, in the west front of the church on 
Mount Olivet, about a mile from Jerusalem, 
there were eight windows; these were, on 
particular occasions, illuminated with lamps, 
which are said to have shoneso bright through 
the glass, that the mount seemed in a blaze. 
s¢ In oceidentali ejusdem Ecclesiz parte fe- 
nestre octo, totidemque e regione lampedes in 
funibus pendentes usque Hieroselymam per 
witrum fulgent.” 
cap. Ge 
The Antiquary.—No. XIP. 
Bed, de Locis sanctis, 
Aug. f, 
industry im bringing over numbers of 
books, and first introducing inte England 
builders in stone, and glass windows.”* 
Bede, however, whom Malmesbury quotes, 
places the circumstances of the mtroduc- 
tion in a still stronger light. He inti- 
mates that Benedict not only sent to 
Gaul for artificers, but introduced the 
manufacture itself to England.¢ ‘This 
was in the year 676. It was about this 
time, if not even earlier, that Wilfrid, 
who became Archbishop of York in 669, 
repaired and restored his cathedral, which 
had received material injury in the wars 
between Penda, King of Mercia, and the 
Northumbrians. Eddius, bis biographer, 
expressly says, that having put on a new 
roof, and covered it with lead, he glazed 
the windows; admatting light, but exclud- 
ing the birds and showers.t Before that 
* ¢¢ iujus industriam et patientiam mira- 
bitur qui leget liorum, quem Beda composuit, 
de viia ejus et reliquorum Abbatum suorum. 
Industriam, quod copiam Itbrorum advexerit, 
quod artiffices lapidearum xdium et witre- 
arum fenestrurum primus omnium Angliam 
asciverit, totum pzne evum talia transigende 
peregrinatus. Quippe stuaio advehensb cog- 
natis aliquid insolitum amor patriz et volup- 
tas elegantiz asperos iallebant labores. -“Ne- 
gue enim ante Benedi-tum lapidei tabulatus 
domus in Britannia nisi perraro videbantury 
neque perspicuitate vitri penetrata lucem: 
wedibus solaris jaciebat radius.” Wiaillielm. 
Malmesb. de Gestis Regum Anglerum, lib. 
I. cap. iii. p. 2. 
+ ** Nec plusquam unius anni spatio post 
fundatum monasterium interjecto, Benedictus’- 
Oceano transmisso Gallias petens, c#@menta- 
rios qui lapideam sibi ecclesiam juxta Roma- 
norum quem simper amabat morem facerenty 
postulavit, accepit, attulit, Et tantum in 
operando Studii prze amore Beati Petri, m cue 
jus honorem \faciebat, exhibuit ut intra unius 
anni circulum ex quo fundamenta sunt jacta, 
culminibus superpositis, missarum inibi so- 
lennia celebrari videres. Proximante autem 
ad perfectum opere, misit legatorios. Galliamy 
yul witri factores, artifices videlicet Britanniis 
eatenus incoguites, ad cancellandas ecclesi® 
porticuumgue & cznaculorum ejus fenestrasy 
adducerent. Factumque est, & venerunt: 
nec solum opus postulatum compleverunt, 
sed & Anglorum ex eo gentem hujusmodi are 
tificium nosse ac discere feserunt.” Bed. 
Hist. Abbat. Wiremuth. 1. I. 
{I ‘* Primum culmina corrupta tecti reno- 
vans, artificiose plumbo puro tegens, per fe- 
nestras introitum avium et imbrium witro prohi- 
buit, per quod tamen intro lumen radiebat.* 
Eddii Stephani Vita S. Wilfridi, inter XV. 
Scriptores, cap. xvi. p. 59, edit. Gale. _ 
time; 
a 
