620 
Sir Andrew Fountaine, Dr. 
Bishop Nicholson, Lye, Tyrwhitt, Warton, 
and others. 
Having stated that four-fifths, or at 
Jeast three-fourths of the words in our 
language are still Saxon, Mr. Ingram pro- 
ceeds to consider how far the “study of 
Anglo-Saxon Literature is connected with 
the < original establishment of our Laws, our 
Liberty, and our Religion: closing with 
some judicious remarks on its indispensa- 
ble utility in elucidating our national An- 
tiguities. 
The Appendix, besides some extracts 
from the Will of Dr. Rawlinson, who 
founded the Anglo-Saxon Profe ssorship, 
contains some particulars concerning the 
Professorship: founded at Cambridge by 
Sir Henry Spelman; some Observations 
on the Sixon some specimens 
ofthe Saxou eomparea with the English 
Laveuage; with the Saxon, Gothic, Ru- 
nic, aud fslandic Alphabets: which are 
again followed [ by Lhe Geography of Eu- 
rope, extracted iru king Alfred’s Anglo- 
Saxon Version of Orosius, acconipanied 
by a Translation and Notes. 
FINE ARTS, 
Whether the removal of Mr. Lanp- 
SEER, as a Lecturer, from the Royal 
Institution’ was a Just or an unjust, an ex- 
pedient or an -unexpedient measure, it 
is-not for us to enquire; thus much is evi- 
deut, that the public have been losers by 
the Se Ie of his Course of “ Lec- 
tures on the Art of Engraving.” 
The limits of a shert Retrespect will 
very far from allow a full examination of 
the six Lectures he has published. We 
can only give a general notion of their 
contents. 
Engraving, in an extensive sense, is am- 
ply treated in the two first; aha repre- 
sented as the earliest fibile which the 
mid suggested, and the hand of inan at- 
tained ,of imparting useful information, and 
of displ: tying ornamentai art. In the first, 
the various incisions of the ancients, on 
their personal ornaments and public mo- 
numents, amoug the Chi videans, the Jews, 
the Hindvos. the Feyptians _ Sidonians, 
Greeks and Romans, are partic larly en- 
peal into. In the sccoud Lecture, the 
art of die-engraving is considered, With 
the history of ancient seals, follow ed by 
a tranfition to engraved sepuichral mo- 
nuiwents which appear to iiave been in- 
troduced about the thirteenth, century, 
and from which the kind of engraving 
that is more esneciaily the object of the 
Lectures appears to have arisen. In the 
third Lecture, Mr. Landseer vives, as a 
Guspels ; 
i 
. ’ 
icG 
Wilkins, © 
Retrospect of Domestic Literature——Fine Arts. - 
proper interposition between the history 
of the ancient and modern medes of en- 
graving, some explanation of the respec- 
tive local powers and susceptibilities of 
the latter, as well as of such technical 
terms as appertain to the art, as it is @x- 
ercised at present: including the different 
styles and bag he ements, At the open- 
ing oF soak fourth Lecture we arrive at the 
discovery and’ promulgation of the means 
of printing engravings on paper, “ Not- 
withstanding : (Mr. Landseer obser he that 
engraving on various metals had long been | 
practised, the earliest mode of printing 
on paper, was from the surfaces of en- 
graven blocks or tablets of wood. Gut- 
temberg of Mentz, or Faust of Strasbourg, 
first promulgated this art about the year 
1440, or beiween that time and 1450 ; 
anu their respective partizans, bave con- 
tended for annexing a degree of celebrity 
io their names, to “which, as imventors, 
neither of them is fairly enutled, Ex- 
tremely rude outlines of saints aud legen- 
dary tales had previously been engraven, 
apparently with the view of exciting the 
attention of the vulgar, and had been a 
mode, (which no person at the time 
thought of turning to better account) of 
disseminating monkish superstition. Of 
these, some “few collected in Germany, 
are preserved in the curious and valuable 
libraries of lord Spenser and Mr. Douce, 
to some of which, the names and legends 
of the saints, &c. are added for the bet- 
ter information of the unlearned specta= 
tor: and itseems more than probable that 
these alphabetical additions, which are in 
the old German black letter, gave the 
first idea to Guttemberg, Vaust, or Kos- 
ter, of printing books; for precisely im 
this way, and not from moveable types, 
were books originally engraven and print- 
ed; and I believe they are so printed in 
China to this day. One of the earliest 
of Koster’s books, that I have seen, 15 of 
this kind, and contains a much larger por= 
tion of picture (if so it might be “calied) 
than reading. It is in the Cracherode 
Collection, which is now open to the pub= 
lic, and consists of sixteen leaves, each 
containing two subjects illustrative ef So- 
lomon’s Song ; + SEAS printed only on one 
side of the paper; shadowing with a sin- 
gle course of lines is feebly attempted 
and under each print is a Latin scroll o 
label, cut in German text on the same 
bisck. But there is a somewhat older 
book in the Bodleian Library, and ano- 
ther in the bibliographical collection of 
my Lord Spenser, of which the subject is 
the Apocalypse, and where colour is 
clumsily 
