Retrospect of Domestic Literature—Voyages and Travels. 625 
tered; but if a more copious supply can 
be had from a reservoir, one watering in 
three days is sufficient. In three months 
the seedlings are fit for being transplant- 
ed. By this time the garden must have 
been enclosed, and hoed to the depth of 
two feet. Holes are then dug, for the 
reception of the seedlings, at twenty feet 
distance from each other in all directions, 
for when planted nearer they do not 
thrive. The holes are two feet deep, 
and a cubit wide. At the bottom is put 
sand seven inches deep, and on this is 
placed the nut with the young tree ad- 
hering to it. Sand is now put in until it 
rises two inches above the nut, and then 
the hole is filled with earth and a little 
dung. Every day’ for three years, except 
when it rains, the young trees must have 
water, While the trees are young, the 
garden is cultivated for all kinds of Tar- 
kari stuffs, which serves for weeding. 
When they have grown up, the ground 
is ploughed and cultivated for sugar-cane, 
betel-leaf, Cara Batta, rice, Sesamum, 
Huts’ Ella, Tadaguny, Carlay, Hessara, 
Udu, Huruli, Shamay, Navonay, or Ragy, 
according as the soil is fitted for either of 
these crops. Mango and jack trees are 
also planted in these gardens, but greatly 
- to their prejudice, for no cultivation can 
be carried on under these trees. 
“The cocoa-nut palm begins to produce 
when seven or eight years old, and lives 
so long that its period of duration cannot 
easily be ascertained. I was shewn some 
that were said to have been planted by 
Jacadewa Raya, and the people believe 
that they will live for a thousand years, 
Young trees, however, produce most fruit, 
which comes forward at all seasons of the 
year. A good tree gives annually a hun- 
dred nuts. <A few are cut green on ac- 
count of the juice, which is used as drink ; 
but by far the greater part is allowed to 
arrive at some degree of maturity, al- 
though not to full mpeness, for then the 
kernel would become useless. The cul- 
tivator in general removes both husk and 
shell, and sells nothing but the kernel to 
the merchants, as they transport them 
even so far as to Madras. 
“The kernel of the cocoa-nut enters 
much into tlie food of the richer natives, 
both in its raw state, and dressed after 
various fashions ; and it yields by far the 
finest oil of India, provided the nut is 
fresh, and the oil used soon after expres- 
sion. ‘Lhe husks of the green coco-nuts 
are sold to the Whalliura tor making 
ropes, at the rate of two thousand the 
Suliuna Fanam (about 8d.) but the busk 
of the ripe nut is not fit for this purpose. 
At Chinapatam, Tari, or palm-wine, is 
never extracted from the cocoa-nut tree, 
‘as the practice injures its growth. Two 
old leaves in general fall from every tree, 
and each of these forms two of the mats 
which are used in thatching huts. These 
mats sell at sixty for the Sultany Fanum, 
and are put on as the first coat, which is 
afterwards covered with grass or straw; 
but in this neighbourhood thatched roofs 
are not much esteemed. 
“ Merchants from Seringapatam, Bane 
galore, Colar, Ballapura, Hossocotay, and 
Devund-bully, come here to purchase 
the produce of these gardens.” 
Vol. ui. p. 261. ‘ Nacara was origie 
nally called Bidder-Hully, or Bamboo 
Village, and consisted of a temple dedi- 
cated to Nilcunta (Blue-Neck, one of the 
titles of Siva) and surrounded by a few 
houses under the direction of a Brahman 
chief. Sivuppa, sen of Chica Suncana, 
removed the seat of government from 
Tkeri to this place, and changed its name 
into Bidderura, or Bamboo-Place. The 
whole revenue of the country being then 
expended here, it immediately became a 
town of great magnitude and commerce. 
The situation is also favourable for trade, 
as the Hosso Angady pass, leading from 
Mangalore this way, is one of the best 
roads in the western mountains. The 
town is said to have contained 20,000 
houses, besides a very great number of 
huts; but, on account of the inequality 
of the ground, could never have been 
closely built. 
circle of woods, hills, and fortified de- 
files, extending a great way in circum- 
ference, and containing many bamboos, 
from which the name ef the place was 
derived. The space within tkese de- 
fences is much longer than was ever oc- 
cupied by the city, and contained many 
hills, woods, gardens, and rice-fields, 
Toward-the centre stood the rajah’s pa- 
lace, situated on a high hill, and sur- 
rounded by a citadel. To this Hyder 
added some new works; but, being com- 
manded by some neighbouring hills, it 
hever was capable of much defence. 
After Hyder took the town, its trade in- 
creased greatly; for he made it his prin- 
cipal arsenal, and employed many people 
in making arms and ammunition. He 
also continued the Mint, 2nd much mo- 
ney was coined there during his reign. 
He gave great encouragement to mer- 
chants, and endeavoured to introduce the 
cultivation of mulberries and silk; but 
in this he had hittle or no success, On 
the 
It was defended by a 
