246 
nues of the country do not exceed 
240,000 crowns, which are compleatly 
expended by the previncial government. 
The island of Rugen, which has the most 
romantic situations, is indented by nu- 
merous bays and harbours, as weil as the 
coast of the Continent. 
The twenty thousand rix-dollars which 
had been collected to erect a monument 
to Luther, at Mansfield, have been em- 
ployed to discharge part of the war-con- 
tribution. The accomplishment of that 
undertaking is postponed to the year 
1817, the third great_jubilee of the re- 
formation. 
A Political and Geographical History- 
of Wallachia, from the earliest times to 
the year 1774, has recently been pub- 
lished in modern Greek, at Vienna, in 
an octavo volume. It is supposed to 
have been compiled hy some boyar, 
about 1775, under the government of 
Prince Ypsilanti. It compa: the histo- 
ry, name, constitution, distinction of 
ranks, privileges, &c. of this people; the 
productions and commerce’ of the coun- 
try; its schools, hospitals, finances, reve- 
nues, and duties. The influence ac- 
quired of the Russians by the treaty of 
1771, occupies a separate chapter. A 
concise History of Wallachia, from Ra- 
dal Negro in 1215, to Alexander Ypsi- 
lanti m 1771 concludes the work. 
The art of polyautography or multi- 
plying designs by means of stone, though 
yet in its iniancy, ts already practised in 
three different ways, in all of which, 
biocks of a fine-grained calcareous stone 
are employed instead of copper. The 
first manner is by tracing on the stone 
with an ink prepared for the purpose, 
and with a steel pen whatever is to be 
printed, whether writing, music, or fi- 
gures. This manner is expeditious, but 
serves Only forout lines, or mere sketches. 
But it is capable of increased utility, if 
a writing on paper, with the ink com- 
posed for this purpose, be transferred 
from the paper to the stone, from which 
a number of impressions may be taken 
off. This transfer.supersedes the neces- 
sity of reverse writing on the stone, and 
multiplies at pleasure the most correct 
 fac-simile. As the printing may be be- 
un as soon as the ink is dry, this is a 
‘rapid way Of obtaining impressions, The 
second way of operating originated with 
Professor Mitterer, ef Munich; he dis- 
covered’that the materials of which the 
ink was composed, might be made into 
crayons, which being traced on the stone, 
the drawings thus made, might be mul- 
tiplied greatly.. They are indeed much 
Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 
[April I, 
softer than ordinary chalk, they require 
time and patience in using; but they 
may be made to produce pleasing de- 
signs. The third mode may with pfo- 
priety be called the art of engraving on 
stone, being executed by means of the 
graver. It is very much superior to the 
other modes, and the work is capable 
of yielding a greater number of prints 
than the others. It takes much less time 
than engraving on copper, and hopes are 
entertained. that it may be brought to 
answer thé same purposes. It will also 
imitate engravings on wood—M, Cotia, 
who has lately purchased a share in the 
patent granted for practising this art, in- 
tends speedily to publish one of Schiller’s 
Songs, the text of which will be engraved 
on stone with the graver. ‘The music te 
which, it has been set will bey printed 
from writing with a pen; and a fronis- 
piece designed in chalk, by M. Seele, 
director of the gallery at Stuttgard, will 
be prefixed so that this specimen, con- 
sisting of five folio leaves, will exhibit all 
the three methods of engraving on stone. 
; FRANCE. 
M. Seirz, with the assistance of M, 
Mixuin, has published a curious and 
learned pamphlet, on the Art of Foun- 
dery among the Ancients, and on the 
casting of the celebrated Horses of Chio, 
which have successively adorned. the 
Hippedrome in Constantinople, the piazza 
of St. Mark in Venice, and now graee 
the palisades of the Tuileries. 
M. Gry, who has translated Homer 
into French, proposes a polyglot edition 
of that ancient bard, in five languages, 
Greek, Latin, Italian, English, and 
French. rt ’ | 
Pope’s Essay on Man, was. published 
in 1772, in a polyglot edition in five lan- 
guages, English, Latin, Italian, French, 
and German, by Keenig at Strasburgh. 
Yhe 23d number of the Flora of New 
Holland, by M. de la Brttaprere, has 
been lately published at Paris. One of 
the plants described in this number, the 
author calls entheresperma, which seemed 
to him to belong to the family of the Ra- 
nunculi, At is a tree which is likely to . 
become useful to France, because its al- 
monds have the taste and flavour of nute 
megs, and it is said to be capable of sup= 
porting the temperature of the French 
climate. . 
M. Ventenat, author of the Botanis’ 
cal work, on the Garden of Malmaison, 
the 20th number of which has recently 
appeared, has been under the necessity 
of suspending that publication on ace, 
count of the ill state of his health, if 
The 
