1808.] 
proportion as the useful arts gained 
ground, either lost their original desti- 
liation, 
parks.” 
My purpose in the present letter is to 
prove that parks are of much greater ap- 
tiquity in Fugland, than the writers I 
have mentioned seem to allow. Harri- 
son, indeed, reters their first introduction 
to the ltoman times.” 
* TJowbeit in times past diuerse have 
been feused in with stone walls (espe- - 
ciallie in the times of the Romans, who 
first brought fallow deere into this land 
(as some conjecture,) albeit those enclo- 
sures were ouerthrowne againe by the 
Saxons and Dancs,as Cauisham, Towner, 
and Woodstocke, besides other, im the 
west countric, and one also at Bolton.” 
But he afterwards adds, “ Wee had 
no parkes lett in England at the comining 
of the Normans, who added this calaini- 
tie also to the seruitude of our nation, 
making men of the best sort furthermore 
to become keepers of their game, whilst 
they hued in the meane tame upon the 
spoil of their reuenues, and dailie over- 
threw tewnes, villages, and an infinit sort 
of famihes, for the maitenance of their 
venerie. Neither was ame parke sup- 
posed in those times to be stately enough, 
that coutaimed not at the least eight or 
ten hide lands, that is so manie hundred 
acres or families, (or as they have beene 
alwaies called in some places of the 
realme carrucates), of which ope was 
sufficient in old time to maintain an_ho- 
nest yeoman,” 
The idea of the Norman origin of parks 
also seems to have influenced the Glossa- 
rist of Matthew Paris, who derives the 
word from the old French parguer’, to in- 
close with a ditch, or fence. 
The word itself, however, is pure Sax- 
on, (peanpoc), and occurs inthe Glossary 
of A‘lfric, which was compiled as long ago 
as the tenth century. It occurs also in 
King Alfred's Translation of Boethius de 
Consolatione Philosophie;{ and in the 
Saxon Chronicle, under the year 918, 
when Ohter’s army was subdued by the 
Hereford and Gloucestershire people, we 
are told bedrifon hie on enne pearruc 
“‘ they drove them into a certain park.” 
From the numerous entries in the Con- 
queror’s Survey which give substantial 
proofs of the existence of parks at that 
* Description of England, pref. to Holin- 
shed, p. 204. 
+ Ibid. p. 205. 
} Edit Chr. Rawl. 18, 2. 
The Antiquary—No. XV. 
or gave rise to the invention of 
41i 
period, the following have been selected 
as most in point. 
At Shrewsbury, “ Parcus de Marse- 
telie,” is mentioned, evidently as existing 
in the time of the Confessor.* 
Among the Earl of Ew’s lands, nigh 
Wittingham, in. Sussex, we are told, 
* Comes habét in Parco suo unam virga~ 
tam de hoc Maneriof.” 
At “ Halsede,” in Herefordshire, it ig 
said,f “ Ibiest Parcus ferarum, sed mis- 
sum est extra Manerium cum tota silua:” 
and Parci bestiarum sylvaticarum perpe- 
tually occur. One, is mentionedat Ware, 
in Tiertf/ordshire, and another at St. Al- 
bans.§ 
These are surely. sufficient to evimce 
that Rous, Harrison, Camden, Stow, 
Pennant, and W hitaker, nave been erro- 
Neous in their assertion on the origin of 
parks. ‘The point perhaps is not an iun- 
portant one, though curious to ascertain. 
Yours, &c. 
PALLisen. 
Tothe Iditor of the Antiquary. 
SIR, 
From a valuable little tract, entitled, 
‘The Booke of Caruing, which ] lately 
met with, [ send you the ancient “ Termes 
of a Car uer.” Itis a beok in the size 
which is usually “called sixteens; and is 
without date; but appears to have been 
printed by Abraham Veale, “ in Poules 
Church-yarde,” sometime in the reign of 
Queen Elizabeth. 
“ Termes of a Caruer. 
6¢ Breake that deare. 
Leache that brawa. 
Reare that gose. 
Lyfc that swan. 
- Sauce that capon. | 
“Spoyle that henne. 
Fursh that chicken. 
Unbrace that malard. 
Unlace that cony. 
Dismember that heron. 
Displaye that crane. 
Disfygure that pecock. 
Unjointe that bitture. 
Untach that curlew. 
Alay that fesaunt. 
Wing that partrich. 
Wing that quaile. 
Mince that plouer. 
Thie that pigeon. . 
Broder that pasty. ; 
io este 
* Domesd. vol. i. p. 252, col. i. 
+ Ibid. p. 18, b. 
+ Ibid. 180, b. 
§ Ibid. p. 155, b. 139, b. 
Abert: 
