43 
parties back to a new fuit, were now fee 
clining with the gradual advancement of 
liberty and underftanding.” 
His Lordfhip alfo controverted the doc- 
trine laid down by the Lord Chancellor ; 
afferted that the Commons did impeach 
in the name and on the behalt of all the 
people of England ; contended that the re- 
prefentatives were fentto Parliament on the 
part of the whole pels and the cleareft 
proof that could be adduced was, the 
power of the Commons to grant fupples. 
He obferved that every thing judicial was 
vefted in the Houfe of Peers, while every 
thing of a legiflative nature was divided 
between the two; and this it was gave 
the true poife ond charaCier to our con- 
ftitution ; a monarchy fomething of arif- 
tocracy, and a fober and temperate de- 
mocracy, conftituting its frame. * Let 
not their Lordthips, therefore, a&t incau- 
tioufly, with regard to the popular part 
of the conlti foben ; let them look aodout 
them and be warned; let them not ceny 
that the people were any thing, left they 
compelled them to think they were every 
thing I? 
An event occurred foon after this, 
which feems to have neutralized all his 
Lordfhip’s hatred to the minifters then 
in powcr, and enabled him to accept a 
place at the council board—this was the. 
war with France, which was produétive 
of a variety of changes, beth pclitical and 
moval. Whether Lord Loughborough 
was actuated by a fear of a. revolution 
here, combined with a felutary dread and 
horror of the enemy, or influenced by the 
motives afcribed to him im the letters ad- 
drefled by the Earl of Lauderdale to the 
Peers cf Scotland, the writer of this ar- 
ticle will not prefume, upon this occafion, 
to determine. He is content with record- 
ing the fimple fact, that on January 27, 
3793, his Lorcfhip was invefed with the 
Important office of Lord High Chancellor 
of Great Britain, and fupported the Mi- 
niftry with the fame fhare of talents and 
abilities during the French, as he had be- 
Fore done throughout the American war. 
To him allo was attributed the unfe:tu- 
nate declaration relative to an ik on 
_ Dunkirk. 
On O&tober 31, 1795; he was, by a fe- 
cond patent, creared Lord Loughborough, 
of Loughborough,in the county of Surrey, 
#¢ with remainders feveraliy and fuccef- 
fively to Sir James St. Clair E: {kine, bart. 
and to John Erfkine, his brother.”* April 
38,1801, he was, by a third patent, created 
Memiirs of the Earl of Roftlns 
- fons is fe bad. 
[ Feb. Is 
Earl of Rofslyn, in Mid Lothian, <« with 
remainder to the heirs, lawfully begotten, 
of the body of his fitter, Lady Jane Er- 
fkine (deceafed)."" The King, at the 
fame time, direéted and ordained by his 
royal fign manual, that his niece fhould 
enjoy the fame place and precedency as 
the daughter of an Earl. 
Lord Rofslyn, we believe, never pub- 
lithed but one work, to which his name 
was aflixed ; this made its appearance in 
1793, and was entitled, ‘* Obfervations 
on the State of the Englith Prifons, and 
the Means of improving them ; commu- 
nicated to the Rev. Henry Zouch, a Jul- 
tice of the Peace, by the Right Hon. 
Lord Loughborough, now Lord High 
Chancellor of Great Britain.” 
‘We fhall here only tranfcribe a fum- 
mary of regulations drawn up by his 
Lordfhip, for the improvement of Houles 
of we rection :== 
. That two juftices thall be appointed, 
fare in the year, directors of the hou‘e 
of correétion. 
2. That evety prifoner under adjudica- 
tion to that confinement, or committed 
for above a week, fhall be kept to work, 
and on the diet of the prifon. 
3. That no keeper fhall be permitted 
to have a profit beyond what the jufices 
allow as bis ftated pay. 
4. That regular books be kept of the 
prifoners work, deportment, and earnings 5 
reported at’ each quarter feffions, and the 
accounts then fettled; and that an ab- 
ftract of thefe reports be tranfmitted to 
the judges on the firft day of every affize. 
‘© The act brought in by Mr. Powis 
(it is added) for the better regulation of 
jails, and other places of confinement, 
proceeds upon the principles already laid 
down; that employment and fclitude are 
the proper means of regulating the jails ; 
and that the infpection muft be the pecu- 
liar charge of fome magiftrate. The ne- 
ceffity of refiraining the keeper from any 
contingent profits, has been left to the ob- 
fervation of the juitices; the power given . 
to the vifiting jultices reqnires to be more’ 
extended than the aét fuppofes, but the 
great defedt of this, as well as all the for- 
mer acts on the fubjeét, is, that they ra: 
ther counfel than command. it is not fo 
much for the want of good laws as from 
their inexecution, that the ftate of the pri- 
In two different counties, 
the juftiees took into confideration the late 
aét, and gravely refolved to wait till they 
ae what effect it had in other places ; 
and 
