1805.] 
well ventilated, and builton a ftony foil ; 
its walls and ramparts fhould net be to> 
high, neither fhould it be furrounded with 
forefts, trees, or rifing grounds, which can 
impede the free circufation of the air ; the 
houfes ov 
the freets broad, with the principal open- 
ings from the fouth-eaft to the north-weft, 
and from the vorth-eaft to the fouth welt; 
the public walks fhould be planted with 
trees, having orchards and kitchen-gar- 
dens interfperfed in their vicinity. Thole 
manufactures producing fetid exhalations 
fhould be carried on entirely without the 
city, and on the loweft fide of the river, 
where flaughter-houfes, church-yards, la- 
zarettoes, and hofpitals, fhould litewife be 
erected. Thefe principles are fully dif- 
culled in an excellent Elementary Treatife 
on Health, by Citizen Tourtelle, but who, 
unfortunately for the progrefs of {cience, 
wes carried off by a premature death. 
We find united in Malta almof all 
thofe advantages of which [ have fpoken, 
except that the public walks are not fur- 
rounded with trees ; the church-yards 
likewife merit the atrention of the magif-; 
trates, and, in particular, the abfurd and 
dangerous practice of burying the dead 
within the churches requires to be correét- 
ede Their Jazarettoes cannot be better 
conduéted ; and the ftrictnefs. with which 
the laws of quarantine are enforced, afford 
perfect fecurity to the inhabitants of the 
city. 
The hofpital is fituated towards the 
north-eaft, at the lowelt part of the city, 
Lear the entrance of the great pert, and on 
anelevation about forty feet above the le- 
vel of the fea. [t covers a confiderable 
extent of ground, being compofed of three 
ditin& buildings contiguous to each other, 
with two courts. T Be firit, called Pha- 
langa, is of a very irreg eular figure ; the 
fret cd is a fquare ; and the third is in 
the form of a parallelogram, which by 
the prolongation of one of its fides farms a 
fecond, in which the great ward is fituated. 
du the next building we find a fmall ward 
adjoining to the large one, and in the two 
others are apartments for the attendan’s, 
and onthe firft fiory the wards for the 
wounded. The court which Is in the 
middle of thefe three buildings, and ‘rom 
which the ftone had been duo for the erec- 
tion of the hofpital, is aout twenty five 
feet in height. Ona level with this court, 
and under the great ward,is an apar'ment 
of ithe fame height and dimenfions, called 
the magazine, which rec ejves light and air 
from the court by means vot large win. 
Defeription of the [fand and City of Malta. 
ight to be of a moderate height; 
aL 
dows and ventilators confru&ed on its 
fummit, Underneath this magazine isa 
cellar, lighted only from the court above, 
and nearly ona level with the fea, At 
the north-eaft extremity of the magazine 
are the kitchen and the dilpenfary, which 
are feparated by a wall, and to which we - 
defceni, as we'l as into the court, by 
means of a large and commodious ftair- 
cafe, This court is furrounded by the 
four internal fides of the parallelogram, 
and is, as I have already oblerved, twenty- 
five fret below the level of the building 5 
they are ornamented by large corridors, 
two of which are covered, ‘and the other - 
two fapported by fuperb ftone balluftrades. 
This hefpital coniains ten wards. The 
great ward is appropria‘ed to fever pa- 
tients, and contains one huadred and thir- 
ty-fix HESS the magazine one hundred and 
twenty-fix, the {mall ward twenty-four, 
Saint ‘Jofeph forty, the new ward twenty 3 
three wards are appropriated for the 
wounded, containing eighty beds ; and the 
Phalanga, into which venereal patients are 
alone received, one hundred and twenty 
beds, which gives a to:al of five hundred. 
and forty-fix beds. Ail the wards are 
paved, the ceilings are very elevated, the 
windows large, aad pueolned with plain 
linen curtains ; they are always left open 
except during rain, high wind, or extreme 
heat. At the fide of each bed is a recefs, 
containing a night-table, and each patient 
is provided with a fimall chelt to contain 
his effeéts. The beds were furnifhed 
with curtains and tefters of cotton, which 
I cruled to be removed, as wellas the pic- 
tures with which the great ward was 
adorned. I likewife found it neceffary, it 
order to produce free ventilation, to open 
-a communication between the great. ward 
and the phalanga, ‘by means of large open- 
ings in the partition wall which feparates 
thefe buildings, and I caufed ventilators 
to be conftruéted in the oppofite fide of 
the phalanga correfponding to. thefe open- 
ings. Previous to thefe alterations I fre- 
quently remarked that among the fever 
patients tHe difeafe aflumed a different 
type, according to the different wards in 
which they were placed. In thofe.where- . 
in there was not a free circulation of: air, 
remittent fevers quickly degenerated inte 
continued, and continued into putrid, and 
relapfes were frequent. Ineach extremity 
of the great ward isa ftaircafe leading toa 
vault, into which is threwn all kind of 
filth, but which, being immediately. 
wathed mto the fea, produces no difagree- 
able vdour. Inthe two courts are cifterns 
for 
