144 
extreme regularity of the fides, and- the 
precifion of the angles, for the articula- 
tions, for the clofe conta& in which the 
perfe& columns are placed to one another, 
nor for their mutual adhefion, which is fo 
ftrong, that it often requires confiderable 
violence to feparate them. ‘The faéts are, 
in the opinion of Mr. Wait, in abfolute 
contradiétion to all idea of contraction, 
and feem to coincide with the explanation 
which he has given of their origin. 
From an Analyfis of the Magnetical 
Pyrites, by CuanLes Hatcuer, Efq. 
we learn, that the magnetical pyrites, 
which differs from the common pyrites in 
colour, hardnefs, and folubility, in fome 
of the mineral acids, is indifputably a na- 
tural fulphuret, completely the fame with 
that which till now bas been known only 
as an artificial produ&t. 
From Mr. Hatchet’s inquiries and ex- 
periments on this fubftance, he infers, 
t. That the magnetical pyrites, which 
has hitherto been found only in Saxony, 
and a few other places, is alfoa Britifh- 
mineral, and forms a vein of confiderable 
extent in Caernarvonflire. 2. That the 
component ingredients of it are fulphur 
and metallic iron, in the proportion of 
about 36 or 37 to 64 0r 63. 3. That the 
chemical and other properties of this fub- 
ftance are very diff-rent from thofe of the 
common martial pyrites, which are alfo 
compofed of fulphur and iron, but in dif- 
ferent proportions. 4. That, as the mag- 
netical pyrites agrees in analytical refults, 
as well as in all chemical and other pro- 
New Patents lately enrolled. 
{March 1, 
perties, with that fulphuret of ison which 
is known as an artificial produ, there is., 
no doubt but that it is identically the 
fame. 5. That in the formation of com- 
mon martial pyrites, the fulphur becomes 
the predominant ingred’ent. 6. That 
iron, when combined naturally or artifi- 
cially with 36 or 37 per cent. of fulphur, 
is not only ftill capable of receiving the 
magnetic fluid, but ts alfo rendered ca- 
pable of retaining it, fo as to become a 
permanent magnet. 7. That beyond the 
proportion of 45 or 46 per cent. of fulpbur 
in the natural pyrites, all fufceptibility of 
the magnetic influence appears to be de- 
ftroyed. $8. Dhat, as carbon, when com- 
bined with iron (forming fleel), enables it 
to become a permanent magnet, and -as 
a certain proporti_n of fulphur communi- 
cates the tame quality to iron, fo alfo were 
found to be the effects of phofphorus ; for 
the phofphoret of iron, in this refpe€t, was 
by much the moft powerful, at leaft when 
confidered comparatively with fulphuret of 
iron. g. That as carbon, fulphur, and 
phofphorus, produce, by their union with 
iron, many chemical ¢ffects of much fimi- 
larity, fo do each of them; when combined 
with that metal, in certain proportions, 
not only permit it toreceive, but alfo give 
it, the peculiar power of retaining the - 
magnetical properties ; and thus, in addi.” 
tion to that carburet of iron called fteel, 
certain fulphurets and phofphorets of iron 
may be regarded as bodies peculiarly fuf- 
ceptible of ftrong magnetical impregna-"' 
tion. 
NEW PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED, 
MR. EDWARD MARTIN'S (MORRISTON, 
GLAMORGAN), for making Pig-Iron 
and Caft-Iron trom Iron-Stone; and for 
making of fuch Pig and Caft-Iron into 
Wrought-Iron, by ufing raw Stone, to 
be worked and made by blaft. 
QO make ftone, coal, and culm, 
ftand the blaft, Mr. Martin lights the 
fire in the furnace with free burning 
wood, and as foon as the woed is fuffici- 
ently ignited, he then puts on fmall quan- 
tities of raw ftone, coal, and culm, free of 
duft (broken into the fize of a common 
hen’s egg), and continues to feed the fur- 
nace with raw ftone, &c. till it is quite 
full of vivid fire, before avy blaft is intro- 
duced ; then, in making pig or caft-iron, 
he charges the furnace in the common 
? 
way, with due proportions of raw ftone, 
coal, &c. (infteadd of coke or charcoal), 
with iron-ftone, iron-ore,-&c. and intro- 
duces the blaftin a very gentle manner, 
for about twelve hours, and then increafes 
the blaft day after day, fora week, tiilthe 
furnace is fufficiently hot and burthened ; 
he then blows to any extent the machinery 
or furnace is capable cf bearing. By 
keeping the furnace regularly and proper- 
ly fed with materials, and by keeping up 
a fufficient blatt, the procefs will be com- 
pleted. And in remelting pig and caft- 
iron into wrought or bar-iron, the forego- 
ing method ef lighting the furnace muft 
be purfued before the hearth is charged 
with metal, or the blaft intreduced.— 
Then, by charging with metal, and feed. 
: Seale ‘Ing 
