356 , 
gave up both thef= fituations fome years 
after. 
Kant’s reputation and literary produc. 
tions did not Jong remain unknown to the 
Pruffian monarch. The latter was not 
unmindful of the genius who was labour- 
ing with indefatigable induftry and zeal 
for’ the beveft of mankind: in general, 
and the inflruétion of his {cholars in par- 
ticular. -As during the fifteen years Kant 
paficd without promotion only two va- 
eancies had taken place, which had been 
occupied: by prior claimants, his Pruffian 
Majelty had made him repeated offers of a 
profeflorfhip in the univerfities in Jena, 
Erlangen, Mitau, and Halle, and invefted 
him with the character of privy coun/ellor. 
But he declined all thefe proffered honours, 
from an attachment to bis native place. 
He withed to labour and be ufeful on the 
{pot where be had received his phyfical and 
mental exifence. 
He might indeed have roi the pro- 
fefforthip “for poetry in. pote en univerfity 
much ted r, but ‘not thinking himfelf 
adequate to the wik, he woukt not accent 
of it, and waited patiently till the year 
1770, when the fitwation of profeflor fer 
the metaphyfical department “became va- 
cant, and was immediately beltowed on 
him. On the 31%% of March id this year 
he entered upon his new and long- wifhed- 
for affice, by an inavgurative difput- 
ation, which he afterwards publifhed, 
under the title of ** De Mundi Senfibilis 
atque Intelligibilis Forma et Principiis ;”° 
in which ie maintained his favourite 
principle cf! purifying metarhyfics’ from 
the ufual‘con! popes ing mie fenfuial with the 
{piritual, by prefcribing the limits to each. 
Thus, tor.example, when {peaking of time 
and {pace, he traces their origm not from 
the fenfe but the foul. 
** they are not any thing objective and 
real; neither fubftances, accidents and re- 
lations, but a necefiary qualification flow- 
ing out of the nature of our fouls.” 
“His fituation now required bis whole 
attention. to metaphyfical fubjets. It is 
not, therefore, Baar iGe to find hi is fuc- 
ceeding publi cations all of this nature. 
He puriued this fudy with the moft unre- 
mitting ardour, and entered into all the 
depths ot metaphyfical fubtlety, 1p oder 
to unfeld the rational powers of man, and 
deduce from thence his moral dutjes. 
In 1775 appeared his * Traé on the 
various Soits of Haman Beings,” by way 
ot announcing his leCtures on the fubje@. 
In 3780, he became a member of the Aca- 
demical Senate. In 1781, befides his 
<“Correfpondence with Lambert,” he pub- 
lithed: bis « Criticiim on pure aed 
\ 
Memeirs of Immanuel Kant. 
He rarer, 
[May ie 
in which ke maintains that the do&rine of 
materialifm was limited by exte:nal 
objecis, and that any conception by 
declaring that all pere:ption of things 
in thenifelves and independant of a 
fenfual reprefentation was utterly impof- 
fible, This publication which fu! sjeed 
him to much m: finterpretation, occafioned 
a fecond part in 1783, entitled ‘* Prolego- 
mena, for future Metaphy fics, which are 
to be conficered as a Science ;”? in this he 
illu@rated his former doGrine, and entire- 
ly abitraéted from the definition of meta- 
phy fics any thing fupernatural. f 
In 1784, he wrote the tollowing {imal- 
ler tracts, entitled <* Conficerarions on the 
Origin of Powers and the Methods of judg- 
ing them.’ * ‘* Ideas on a Univerfal Hii- 
tory, as a Citizen of the World.” * An. 
{wer tothe Queiiion, what is THivmina- 
tion ?”? «On Volcanos én the Moon.” ** A 
Definitionof-the Idea of a Race of Men.” 
“On the Iniuftice of pirating Books.” 
‘< Elements of the Metaphyfics and Mo- 
rals:°? All which went off fo rapidly that 
a fecond edition was printed in the follow~ 
ing year. In.1786, the three following 
<¢ Suppofed Commencement of the Human 
Race.’” «* What he uaderitood by repre- . 
fenting to onelelf the Natureana Qualisi ies 
of Things. ”  « Metaphyfica! Elements of 
Natural Philofophy :? > In which’ latter 
work he entered at large into the exercile 
of reafoning powers with septa to. mate- 
rial objeéts. 
In the fame year he was appointed vefar 
of the Univerfity.. It happened, during 
his firft re@orate,that the tafk of addrefiire, 
in the name of the Univerficy, Frederic il, 
who here aceepted the homage of his fub- » 
je&ts, fell to his lot.) The king returned 
him a° compliment which did the. philofo- | 
pher and the monarch equal honour. _ Not 
long after this, without any folicitacion on | 
his own part, he received a -confiderable | 
addition to, his falary from the foundation 
of the Upper College. In’ 1787 he rouled 
the public curiofity by bis ** Criticifm on 
praétical Reaion,”’ 
fpace, fenior of the philofophical faculty. 
Though now far advanced in life, Kant — 
prefented the public with feveral ufetul » 
publicstions, as in 17933 Religton with- 
in the Bounds of piain Reafon ;”’ wherein 
he endeavours to thew thé confitency be- 
«* On the | 4 
‘Common . Proverb ; what may be good in © 
tween reafon and revelation. 
Theory is bad’ in Praétice.”’ i798, 
“* Something iefpecting the Influence of © 
the 
« 
in which he enlarged | 
on the moral, as he had done before on the © 
_metaphyfical, principles of realon, ; 
fummerof 1788, he was chofen rector of the 
Univerfity a fecond time, and afier a fhort | 
In the. 
. 
