444 
wholly wafte, three-eighths of the remain- 
der gave 45,703 fquare miles ; or, omit. 
ting Benares, 41,967 iquare miles, equal 
to 81,238,112 begahs of Jard in tillage 
and hable for revenue; and if half the 
free-lands be cultivated, the whole tillage 
is 94,777,797 begahs, cr 31,331,499 
acres. 
To fome diftri&ts, an inquiry undertaken 
in 1790 afcertained the quantity of land 
tenanted by rear 70,000 cultivators ; and 
it gave an average of lefs than cighteen 
begahs eech in aétual tillage : for, t the 
cultivators paying rent for no more than 
their aciual cultivation, the afcertainment 
comprehe:ds no lays or failows,. 
At this proportion, the whole tillage of 
94:777:797 begahs mut be uled by 
51265432 tenants 5 and, adding for ar- 
tificers and ts cetniaeay 8G. at the 
proportion fuggetted by the afcertainment 
of 80,914 hufbandmen and 22,324 arti- 
ficers in the diftriéts alluded to in another 
place, we have 6,738,154 perfons paying 
Jand-rent and atoaad rent.. If each of 
thefe be deemed the head of a family, the 
pooulation, at five toa family, might be 
eftimatcd at 33,590,770. 
But feveral rents are not unfrequently 
paid by the fame family ; for this reafon, 
the number of hufbandmen may be 
thought over rated, as, in the rent-rolls 
which were abftraéted, tenants holding 
from more than one Jandhoider, or paying 
two rents to the fame proprietor, muf un- 
avoidably have ftood tor two perfons.— 
The excels in the eftimate arifing from 
this caue is perhaps not fully balanced by 
the various claffzs not contributing di- 
rectly tothe rental. 
34d. The fame objection occurs to an 
eftimate from the average rents of tenants. 
It may, neverthelefs, be proper to view 
theretult of a calculation on tits ground. 
On the rent rolls examined for the 
quantity of Jand as menticned above, the 
payments appeared at 478,020 ficca ru- 
pees on 68,647 leafcs to cultivating-te- 
nants, or nearly feven rupees each. 
Ta the firft year of the permanent fettle- 
ment, the revenue realiz-d to government 
Was current rupees 3,06,98,255, or ficca 
rupees 2.64,64,094. The afleflment was 
ealculated to leave an income to the pro- 
prietor equal toa tenth. 
Land revenue, . .« 
_Proprietir’s income, .» 
2,64,64,094. 
26,46,4.09 
2593510,523 
——S ee *@ Ee ae 
On the Population of Bengal. | 
[June 1, 
Charges of colleéticns 
and management, as 
actually allowed in 
fome inftances, and 
deemed a very mode- 
rate allowance, zo per 
centum on the grofs 
produce, 60S 
Grofs rents, or aétual 
payments by tenants, 3,63,88,129 
Add for free-lands in the 
fame proportion as be. 
fore, 1 tow, He ee 
72597,626 
60,64,688 
— 
Payments by tenants, fic- 
Carupees, oh. 6) VA eae ey 
At the rate, already fuggefted, of feven 
rupees each, thefe payments arife’ from 
6,064,688 tenants ; and, affuming their 
families at five, the population would be 
39932 32440- 
As ground-rents are of fmall amount 
in proportion to the iand-rents, the ave- 
rage of feven rupees for each tenant 
might have been edthead on this account. 
This, with the omiffion of nymerous 
clafies not paying a direét rent, may be 
deemed equivalent for the repetition of 
names in rent-rolls : and the near coin- 
cidence of 30,323,440 with the number of 
30,291,051, refulting from other grounds, 
fupports the computation. 
4th. Remains to compare the eflimated 
population with the confumption. 
The diet of an Indian is very fimple : 
the diet of one is the diet of millions; 
fplit pulfe and fale -relieving the in. 
fipidity of plain rice, “Tayo ounces of falt, 
two pounds of fplit pulfe, and eight 
pounds of rice, is the ufual daily con. 
fumption of a family of five perfons in 
eafy circumftances 5; whence we have the 
average confumption of falt in a year at 
glb.a head. 
The annual fales of falt, an article mo- 
nopolized by government, are 35,31,944 
maunds of 80 ficca weight ; but the whole 
gnautity is not confumed in Bengal: a 
proportion not inconfiderable is exported. - 
On the other hand, the lower claffes in 
the weitern provinces feldom tafte fea-falt : 
thefe, and the mountaineers from Rajemah] 
to Palamow, ufe rock-falt imporced from 
weftern countries, a birter falt extradted 
from afhes, cr impure falt obtained from 
the mother of nitre. The Jatter is much 
uled by the venders of falt in adulterating: 
fea fait ; and, generally fpeaking, no fea- 
falt ts allowed to cattle. 
if 
