* 
1808.) + Obfervations refpefting Emigration to America. 
Menander (in a paffage of which we 
have prefented a tranflation already) 
elteems him moft happy who is cut off in 
“the prime of youth, when neither evil 
could have affigted nor long enjoyment 
brought on fatiety and difguft. So Lu- 
cillius prefers death to a life of fearful ex- 
pectation, nearly in the fame words that 
Shak/peare puts into the mouth of Julius 
Cefar. * 
x e = ~ 
Teo xaradirlavras yrunepoy aos "on ert Opnva. 
{mourn not thofe who from the cheerfnl 
light 
Sleep in the grave through death’s eternal 
night, + 
But thofe whom death, for ever neat, ap- 
palls, 
Who fee the blow fufpended ere it falls. 
And fo (to quote one more epigram to 
our prefent purpofe), alluding to a cufiom 
which appears to!have obtained among 
feme barbarous nations of antiquity, the 
poet Archias writes : 
fas 3 f ¢ ~ x a 
Opninas “averta Tig, CTL CovayEUTL MEY Vind. 
Thracians, who howl around an infant’s 
birth, 
And give the funeral hour to fongs and 
mirth, 
Well in your grief and gladnefs are exprefled 
That life is labour and that death is reft. > 
End of Part the Second. 
ee EL 
For the Mouthly Magazine. 
OBSERVATIONS aud CAUTIONS refpeéf- 
img EMIGRANTS fo AMERICA. (Con- 
tinued from p. 233, No. 127. 
o- 
- yO poffe(s a certain quantity of land, 
i and to cultivate it, is the natural 
bent of mot countries whofe population 
is not, like thatof England, too numerous 
for its extent ; fo that agriculture, al- 
though ftill in a very imperfeét ftate, has 
‘been the favourite employment of: nine- 
tenths of the Americans. Al!, however, 
do uet fucceed; there, as elfewheres fuc-- 
cels does not always crown enterprize ; 
the-fettler is there, as elfewhere, expofed 
to the danger of accidents, of bad feafons, 
and the caprices of fortune. ‘The caufe 
of their failure, in moft inftances, is, how- 
_ever, radical in themfelves. They do 
not poffefs the neceffary difpofitions, the 
* «¢ Cowards die many times before their 
deaths, 
The brave can never tafte of death but once,”” 
&c. 
+ Kavoiavo: Teo peev yewwapreves Opnuacr rus 
de tEdeuvtucavras peanagiesi. NIcoLAaus 
* (apad Stobeeum), 
their wealth. 
7 
Bee Op, 
manners, the intelligence, which thisnew 
kiod of lite exaéis ; they have not'a pre- 
per degree of ffrength, courage, and judg- 
ment; and the want of tho‘e, added to 
negligence and indolence, too often the 
effect of the climate, is more irreparable 
than ficknefs, infetts, and vermin, which 
will, in {pite, of all their endeavours, de. — 
ficoy their hopes. Then, if they are not 
ready with the money when the trme for 
the payment of the price of their lands 
arrives, the law puts the feller again in 
pofieffion of the land, even without mak- 
ing the fettler any compenfation for his 
improveinents, if he has not ftipulated for 
it ia his contract, which is feldom the 
cafe; becaule the forfeiture of the im- 
provements is generally attached-as a {pur 
to induftry, and asa penalty on the breach 
of the contract, 
Moft of the Europeans have the ideas 
of enriching themilelves ; bur they are de- 
ceived ; agriculture does not enrich in the 
United States otherwife than by increafing 
thofe poffefhons, which are often not to 
be difpofed of. The feafons are too ra- 
pid, the winters too long, and the price 
of maaual labour too dear ; but then agri- 
culture procures to thofe who are indui- 
trious, eafe and abundance. Others again 
are miltaken in imagining that it requires 
no capital to fcttle in the woods ; but 
they muit have fome fund to fuppert 
themfelves during the firlt year, as they 
will have every thing, even victuals, to 
buy, and to pay the annual intereit of 
fums borrowed, or of thofe due for cattle 
and utenfils taken on credit.. There is, 
morecver, wanting, even to the moft exe 
perienced European agriculturifl, fome 
keowledge relative to this new mode of 
iife. Agricultural indultry is m Ame. 
rica, as in other places, only.a fafciculus 
compsied of many branches, but thofe 
branches are totally diff-rent from thofe in 
other countries ; they require, befides fu- 
perintendance, manual labour, and that of 
the moft laborious kind. A gosd fettler 
muft not only be acquainted with the dif- 
ference of foils, and the produce they will 
bear, but he muft never lay the axe out of | 
bis hand unfefs to take up fome other in- 
ftrument.; he mutt even be able to. mend 
the iron-works of his ploughs and other 
utenfils, ard to make nails; he mutt 
ftrike on the anvil, not fo much through 
economy as to gain.time, which is all 
There is. none of that in- 
terval between wmiter and fummer, called 
fpring, to be feen in America; they — 
tread fo clofely on eachother’s heels, that 
it is often difficult to confide to the earth 
the 
