668 
kind, in refpeét to the production of move- 
ment. Preffure, divifibili's y, equilibri ium, 
the tube of Toricelli, the invention of the 
- pneumatic pump, the hemifphere of Mag- 
debourg, &c. all pafs under review. 
In the next divilion we are prefented 
with an account of the laws of gravita- 
tion, the motion of the pendulum, the 
phenomena ot the heavenly bodies, &c. 
M.M. Struve and Verdeil ‘terminate 
their report by sdducing the teftimony of 
Chaptal and Legendre in favour of the. 
new method; and they themieives ob- 
ferve, ‘¢ that the works in queftion ought 
to experience a diitinguifhed reception on 
the part of the Council of Education of 
the canton cf Vaud.’ 
*¢ Memoire Statiftique fur Etat afuel 
des Mines du Suede,”” &c.—A Stattitical 
Memoir relative to the prefent State of the 
Mines of Sweden. 
Sweden may truly be defignated as a 
mineral country, for the, metals a€tually 
coaftitute the principal fource of its wealth 
and profperity. In this point cf view, 
nature ray be faid to havetreated the in- 
habitants in the {ame manner that a fage 
but economical motlier treats her chil- 
dren; for fhe has granted «hatoever is 
neceflary with profufion, what may be 
deemed ufeful with moderation, and what 
is brilliant, but dangerous, with parfimony. 
In that country the quantity of the dif- 
ferent metals is in the inverfe provortion 
of the price of gold, filver, copper, and 
iron. The mountains, in addition to 
thefe, contain marble, and other orna- 
mental {tones, which at prefent are merely 
objecis of curicfity, but will, at fome 
period net fardiftant, be better known, 
Of the precious metals, little more 
than mere /pecimens may be is d to be ob- 
tancd. A few unproductive mines, 
which private perfors had underta ek 
to woik during the Jat century, have 
been abandoned, and gold is at 
preient a Sas fiom but two. At 
Adelfars, in the province of Smaland, in 
the courfe of twenty-fix years they have 
only obtained to the amount of 70,000 
franks : ; and from the preduce of Fahlun, 
in conjunction with the above, Sweden 
cannot be faid to have reaped more than 
forty five marks of goid annually. 
The oi oly filver-mine worthy of notice 
is that of Saia, in Weitmania. Durning 
the reign of Chriftina it yielded 20,c00 
marks of filver; but at prefent it pro- 
duces no more, than from two to three 
theufand, which feaicely repays the ex. 
/pences. 
Relrofpect of French Literature:—Mifcellaneous. 
“* It is worked by an affociation of fee 
veral individuals, who. are favoured by 
means of certain fpecial privileges, bur- 
thenfome to the whole canton, and is one 
of thofe eftablifhments at firft projected 
by a blind cupidity, and afterwards per- 
fevered in from mere habit, without be- 
ing attended either with adwancane to the 
public orto individuals.” 
Copper is one of the principal pro- 
ductions of Sweden. At the prefent 
periot, however, they do not extract 
more than from fix to feven thoufand 
fhip-pounds* yearly, from all the ten 
copper mines now worked. 
principal ones are thofe of Fahlun, in, 
Dalecailis, and Atwidaberg, in Oftrogo- 
thia, the latter of which alone produces, 
2000 fhip-pounds. 
<* The former cf thefe merits particu-- 
Jar attention in every point of view. It 
is known in that country by the name of 
the Kepparberg, and fituate at about forty: 
leapues to the north of Stockholm. It is 
vifited every year by a multitude of tra- - 
vellers, ‘fome of whom are induced to re- 
pair thither fom an attachment to mine-- 
ralogic al pur‘uits, and others from mo. 
tives of mere curiofity. In 1802, I my- 
felf happ- ned to be there, and employed 
nearly four hours im examining the mine. 
You firtt delcend (haying been previoufly 
provided with a kind of mafquerade drefs), 
by means of a ftaircafe, to the bo tom o 
an immenfe excavation, and afierwards 
penetrate into its receffes by meaisofa nar- 
tow paffage, at the end of which you 
feem to have arrived at the region of 
fhades. One of the miners precedes, and 
another foliows, each carrying @ lighted 
torch of pine; the cclumn of travellers 
advances flowly by the light of thele, 
fometimes through galleries cut into 
the rock, fometimes defcerding along 
ladders, and fometimes croffing fraik 
bridg<s, fufpended over terrible abyfes,” 
The mineral, which appertains to a 
company of 200 different proprietors, is 
equally divided among them, fixty only 
ot thefe, who poffefs 1 knowledge of the 
art, have the privilege of finelting it, and~ 
they alone have the privilege of purchaf- 
Ing the other fhares. At Fablun:t isonly 
converted into what. is termed black cop- 
per, by working; after which it is car- 
* A fhip-pound, or fchip- pund, is the 
vfual meafure of minerals in the North of 
Europe, and nearly equivalent to three French 
quintals. 
ried 
The two. 
x 
A 
