A 
x 
1310.] 
frost, by being rubbed over with -tar 
before they are laid on the roof. 
To take out Writing —When recently 
written, ink may be completely removed 
by the oxymuriatic acid, (concentrated 
and in solution.) The paper is to be washed 
over repeatedly with the acid; but it 
will be necessary afterwards to wash it 
aiso with lime water, for the purpose of 
neutralizing any acid that may be left on 
the paper, and which would considerably 
weaken it. Ifthe ink have been long 
written, it will have undergone such 
change as to prevent the preceding pro- 
cess acting, It ought therefore to be 
washed with liver of sulphur (sulyhuret 
«of ammonia) before the oxymuriatic acid 
‘is applied. It may be washed with a 
hair pencil, . 
Professor Lestrr, of Edinburgh, has 
discovered a new mode of producing ar- 
tificial cold. Without any expenditure 
of materials, he can, by means of a sim- 
ple apparatus, in which the action of 
certain chemical powers is coinbined, 
freeze a mass of water, and keep it for - 
an indefinite length of time in a state of 
ice. In an hour, he has thus formed 
a cake of six inches in diameter and 
three quarters of an inch thick; with 
very little trouble, he can produce a per- 
manent cold of 90 degrees of Fahrenheit, 
below the temperature of the air, and might 
easily push it to more than 100 degrees, 
The following has been published as 
an account of livings in England and 
4Vales under 501. a-year : 
Not exceeding 10l.a year . AZ 
From 101. to 201, incl. - 72 
From 201. to 30l. = ° 191 
From 3Ol. to 401. ° ” 353 
From 401. to 501. - - 433 
From 501. to 601. _ - 407 
From 601. to 701. - - 376 
From 701. to 80]. SNe 319 
¥rom 801. to 901. - - 309 
From 901. to 1001. ~ - Bia” 
From 100), to 1101. - - 283 
From 1101. to 1201, - 307 
From 1201. to 1301. = = = 246 
From 1301. to 1401. © * 205 
> From 140l.to150lvexcl. = - = 170 
Total 3998 
Of these very small livings three are in 
the diocese of Lichfield and Coventry, 
three in that of Norwich, two in that of 
St. David’s, one in that of Llandaff, one 
- in that of London, one in that of Peter- 
_ borough, and one in that of Winchester. 
X¢ 3 FRANCE. 
_ M. ve Saussure lately made a series 
of experiments on the eombustion of 
Literary and Philosophical Intelligence: 269 
several sorts of charcoal. He found that 
Cornish plumbago,jburned in oxygen gas, 
yields nothing byt carbonic acid gas, and 
oxide of iron, without any mixture of 
water, or of hydrogen gas. 
charcoal next to plumbago, is that pros 
duced by decomposing the essential oil 
of rosemary in a red-hot tube. In its 
combustion, it did not form any notable 
quantity of water; butit gave out some 
oxicarburetted hydrogen, though in toa 
small a quantity, for the composition of 
the acid gas to be sensibly modified by 
it. From this experiment it appeared, 
that 100 parts of carbonic acid contain 
27°11 of carbon, and 72°89 of oxigen. 
The combustion of anthracite, previously 
exposed to a red heat, furnished too 
perceptible a quantity of water and of 
hydrogen for the results of this process 
to be calculated with accuracy, and 
compared with the preceding. The 
combustion of box charcoal too, dried 
by long incandescence, furnished an ap- 
preciable quautity of water and oxicar- 
buretted hydrogen. : 
Some experiments having been trans~ 
mitted to.M. DetaMerHeric, on the 
The purest - 
‘o 
action of the electric fluid, by which an ~ 
iron. cylinder an inch and half thick, 
filled with water, was torn asunder, that 
gentleman asks, Whether these effects of 
electricity, in rupturing masses of so 
much tenacity as iron cylinders, do not 
give some probability to the idea of those 
German‘astronomers, who have thought 
that the four new planets, Ceres, Juno, 
Pallas, and Vesta, are fragments of a 
larger planet formerly situate between 
Mars and Jupiter, and broken by some ‘ 
unknown cause? Suppose, for instance, 
that the centre of this planet was a mass 
of metal, similarly circumstanced with 
the author’s cylinders; and that a me. 
tallic vein, or any other conducting sub-- 
stance, acted like the leaden wire, and 
conducted the electricity of the atmos- 
phere into the metallic mass, might not 
a great number of strong discharges, 
such as occur in. violent thunder-storms, 
burst this metallic mass asunder, and 
project the different parts to a distance? 
- The experiments of Picret, made with 
two mirrors, in the focus of one of which 
he placed a burning body, and thus set 
fire to combustible substances in the 
focus of the other, had been made more 
than a hundred years before. Lambert, 
“in his Pyrometry, says, on the authority 
of Zahn, that the experiment of collect- 
ing heat from @charcoa) fire by a mir- 
ror 
