270 
ror of éighteen sada: diameter, and ré- 
flecting it’.to the distance of twenty or 
twenty-four feet, to asmaller mirror of 
nine inches, witch so concentrated 
the rays, that tinder and matches were 
kindied by them, had long ago been 
made at Vienna. 
was published in 1685. 
riment with ice, which surprised him so 
much, is descrived in the same work. - 
The author continues thus, “If, instead 
of fire, I placed cold water in the focus 
of the mirror, it diffesed an agreeable 
coldness even in the height of summer: 
and if, instead of water, I used ice, very 
considerable cold was preduced at the 
distance of ten or twenty paces. 
AMERICA, 
Mr. Woon, of Richmond, Virginia, 
bas published a new Theory ‘of the Di- 
urnal Rotation of the Earth, demon- 
strated from the properties of the Cycloid 
and Epicycloid; with an Application of the 
Theory to the Explanation of the Pheno- 
mena of the Winds and Tides. Two 
gentlemen in Richmond having laid a 
wager on the question, Whether the top 
and bottom of a cart, or carriage-wheel, 
in motion, move with equal or unequal 
velocities? the consideration, of it led 
Mr. Wood to consider, that every point 
of a carriage-wheel moving along a right 
line in a. horizontal plane, describes a 
cycloid, a leading property of which 
curve is for the generating point to de- 
scribe unequal arcs in equal times, and 
that any poiut in the upper semicircle 
of the wheel, must therefore move with 
greater velocity than the corresponding 
and opposite point in the under sei- 
circle. This he applies to the motion 
of the earth; the motion of any point on 
the earth’s surface, with the exception 
of the two poles, being compounded of 
two motions, a rotary motion round the 
axis of the earth, and a progressive mo- 
tion along the plane of the ecliptic, will 
also describe a curve of the cycloidal, or 
rather epicycloidal species, possessing a 
similar property with the common cy- 
cloid, .generated by a cavriage-wheel. 
The cycloidal motion on the points of 
the earth’s* surface being established, 
several important consequences obvi- 
ously present themselves relative to the 
fuids which encompass the earth, the 
phenomena of tides, trade-winds, &e. . 
The effect which the difference in the 
gravity of bodies produces upon the mat- 
ter and fluids on the surface of the globe, 
1s sail times greater than the effect pro- 
Literary and Philosophical Inielligences 
The work of Zahn . 
Pictet’s expe. 
fOct.:] 
ducéd by the attraction of the moon, 
and 1372 times greater than any effect 
produced by the sun. 
_Itis now a little more than five years, 
since a number of German families, styi- 
ing themselves “the Harmony Society,” 
went to the United States, with the view 
of forming a distinct settlement. They 
soon planted themselves in the wilder- 
ness of Butler County, in the north- 
western corner of Pennsylvania. ‘The 
following account of the’ origin and proe. 
gress of their settlement is copied from 
Lhe Mirror, a paper published *in the 
neighb\-arhood of this thriving people. ° 
© The Association of Harmony had its 
origin in Germany upwards of twenty yeats 
ago, and feeling themselves much oppressed 
on account of their religion, they concluded 
to seek.a country where they could exercise 
their religion without hinderance or oppres~_ 
sion. They chose the United States of Ame- 
rica. In the year 1804, in December, about 
twenty families arrived in Zelinople, in the 
neighbourhood of which Mr. George Rappy 
with some others, bought about four thou- 
sand seven hundred acres of land, and during 
that fall built nine log-houses. In the 
year 1805, in 
consisted of abont fifty families they: laid 
out the town. of ‘Harmony en their own 
land, and in that spring built twelve log- 
ialiece st 21 feet by 18, built a large barn, 
cleared 25 acres round the town, ‘and 151 
acres for corn, and 50 acres for potatoes; a 
grist mill was built this year, the race 3-8 of 
a mile long, and 15 acres cleared for meae 
dow; the other ground sowed with -wheat 
and rye: in the fall and winter, thirty houses 
more were built. In the year 1806, an inn 
was built, two stories high, forty-two feet by 
thirty-two feet, and some other houses 2 300 
acres cleared for corn, 58 acres for meedow ; ; 
an oil mili was built, and a tannery, a blue / 
dyer’s shop, and a frame barn 100 feet lung. 
In the year 1807, 360 acres were cleared for 
grain and a meadow, a brick store-house 
built, a saw-mill and beer brewery erected, 
and four acres of vines pianted : 
the society sold 500 bushels of grain, ‘and 
3000 gallons of whiskey, manufactured by 
themselves of their own produce. In the 
year 1508, a considerable quantity of ground 
cleared, a meeting-house built of brick, 70 — 
feet long, and 55 feet wide ; another brick 
house built, some other buildings and stables 
fur cattle, potash, soap-boiler, and candle- 
drawér shops, erected; a frame barn of 80 
feet long built. Of the produce. of this. year 
was sould 2000 bushels of grain, and 1400 
bushels were distilled. In the year 1809, a 
fulling-mill was built, which does’a great 
deal of business forthe country 5 also a hemp- 
mill, an oil-mill, a grist-mill, a brick ware= 
house 46 feet by 36, and another brick 
building of the same dimensions, one of which 
has 
the spring, the. society . 
in this year . 
ah 
