1$10.] 
august sovereign. He took the oppor- 
tunity of palpably demonstrating to all 
classes of men, the great advantage 
of the mathematical sciences, when ap- 
plied to the art of war, and to fortificae 
tion. He caused them to make plans of 
regular and irregular fortresses, accord- 
ing to the positions of the different places, 
which were pointed out to them. He 
made them assign their reasons in writing, 
for the preference given to the plan of 
fortification, which they thought best. 
They proved their assertions with every 
argument which the science of enyineer- 
ing suggested ; and after the publication 
of thei, he inade them construct models 
of chose small forts in the countries of 
Mir-ahowr, Kiochku, Ok-Meidani, and 
Levendtziftilik, and other places around 
Constantinople, These models of small 
fortresses, very skilfully executed under 
the direction of the establishment, with 
their bastions of turf, their covered-ways, 
aud other dependances, attracted an im- 
mense crowd of the inhabitants of Cone 
stantinople. There, upon fixed days, 
the sultan made them superintend mili- 
tary exercises and evolutions. They col- 
lected the necessary number of soldiers 
and officers, for the defence of thege 
small places. They gave the plan of at- 
tack to the assailants. Many operations 
were executed according to the wish 
and to the satisfaction of Selim, who had 
no other object than to excite the adini- 
ration of the public, and show the utility, 
or rather the necessity, of having regular 
troops, officers of merit, and able en- 
gineers, the only methods of inaking war 
with advantage. In fact, the greatest 
success crowned these attempts; a gene- 
ral approbation followed; and marks of 
satisfaction succeeded malignant inten- 
tions, and cutting railleries. A change 
so unexpected exceeded their hopes, 
and they gave lessons every day in wt 
the branches of mathematics, and the 
was a great conflux of pupils. At yet 
the professors were esteemed, feasted 
every where, and (as they express them- 
selves) happy. 
~ Selim was not yet satisfied. He de- 
manded of them able officers fof his re- 
gular troops. Their pupils were taken 
from the artillery and engineer depart- 
ments, in order to acquire the know- 
ledge Yequisite for their rofession, and 
then consigned ‘to their corps, as able 
officers. Commissions of great difficulty 
‘were also imposed. “ Besides able land- 
surveyors furnished to the state, a greater 
eb ect was required. Selim wighed to 
Literary and Military Improvements in Turkey, 523 
have a chart of all the Asiatic countries - 
under his dominion. A general atlas, 
recently issued from the new printings 
office, composed of the best maps of mo- 
dern geographers, which might serve to 
elucidate a:course of geography, and » 
new Dictionary, translated into hae 
gave birth to this resolution; for it is wel 
enales that Asia has been much mis- 
ken by the best European geographers. 
Finnsediaters after the peace, as may be 
seen by the code of new regulations of 
the Olioaiun empire by Selim IIT. com- 
posed in Turkish and French, and after- 
wards translated into many languages, 
the restoration of the finances, by the 
creation of a new fiscal treasury, took 
place; the formation of a new corps of 
revular troops ensued next; new barracks 
and eannon-founderies were  built¢- 
schools tor the propagation of the sci- 
ences, were crected and established; mae 
nufactories, magazines, and every kind 
of necessary establishment, were insti« 
tuted at the same time; and no branch 
of a general reform was neglected. All 
these fine institutions would have re 
mained in their infancy, if the consistent 
and immutable character of Selim IIL. 
had not come to their aid. The plan of 
renovation being drawn, he pursued 
it with that inflexible sang froid which 
characterizes superior men: his ardour, 
instead of being damped by the difficul- 
ties thrown in his way, redoubled. Not 
satisfied with ameliorating and multi- 
plying the regular troops in his estas 
blishment of Levendtziftilik, he con. 
ceived the project of creating the army 
anew, and executed it. Opposite to the 
point of the seraglio, dc plebaiae of 
the town of Scutari, near the remains of 
the ancient seraglio, is a large and an. 
cient country-residence, which the sul- 
tans, bis predecessors, highly esteemed. 
There, almost under his immediate di 
rection, was built a very fine and ample 
edifice, in form of barracks. A very 
extensive hippodrome was added, for the 
daily exercise of the infagtry and ca- 
valry. A mosque, habitations for the 
principal officers, baths, shops, and all - 
the necessary dependances to form a 
second town, were newly and regularly 
buiit. A new and vast printing-house- 
was established, enriched with types in 
many languages, and alt kinds of instrus 
ments for engraving maps, and other 
plans: in short, more than five ‘millions 
of piasters were expended upon this new 
institution. Thus Selim gratified his 
known desire for the propagation of ei 
4 ti 
