‘ 
522 
one general faith, and upreared the stand- 
ard of resistance in Ireland. If England 
ean yet be saved, and sincerely I wish 
she may, it must be by a far different 
policy; by an annihilation of religious 
- distinctions, and by such a reform in par- 
hament as would lessen the influence of 
those who create wars for their own 
profit. Let her act kindly and honestly 
towards the United States, and she will 
bind to her firmer than by ribs of steel, 
a nation more capable of serving or dis- 
tressing ber, than all the world besides. 
But this conduct must be instahtly 
adopted, or it will be too late; every. 
hour our domestic manufactures are pros 
gressing, and it is not improbable but 
Ar. Jackson’s late conduct, may induce 
Congress to afford them that encourage- 
ment which has loudly béen called for 
by a large proportion of the nation, 
This is the more probable, as Mr. Gale 
latin has prepared a report on that sub- 
ject, which must surprise the world, 
by the new and extraordinary facts it 
discloses. 
Now that the pen is in my hand, sir, 
I will remark, that the observations of an 
annual reviewer, distinguished for the 
correctness of his judgment on most sub- 
jects, are often extremely erroneous 
when applied to the United States. As 
I have not the volumes of the Annual 
Review at hand, I shall content myself 
with observing on one train of thought, » 
which seems to haunt its editor, Mr. 
Aikin dwells perpetually on the disso- 
lution of our general government, and 
the separation of the States, as an event 
not barely probable, but unavoidable. 
And this opinion he derives from the 
impossibility of legislating by aniform 
law for the hardy freeman of the east, 
the voluptuous slave-holder of the south, 
and the daring subjugator of the western 
wilderness; he tells us, that the sare 
laws can never apply to a black servile 
population, and a free and enlightened 
yeomanry. These are truths I shall not 
attempt to controvert, but happily for 
the United States they do not appiy to 
them. They are divided into seventeen 
free separate and independant sove- 
reignties or states, to say nothing of the 
territories. Each state is governed by 
its own laws, enacted by legislators, 
- freely, equally, and frequently, chosen by 
the people of the state for that purpose. 
The result is, that the laws of the south- 
ern differ essentially from those of the 
eastern, aud each are essentially variant 
from those of the western, states, One 
« 
a | 
Stability of the Government of the United States. [Jans \y 
‘state has nothing té do with thé. 
laws and regulations of another ; it minds 
its own concerns, aiid leaves it for their 
neighbours to manage their's. The ge- 
neral government cannot interfere with 
the local concerus of the states; it has né 
power even to order a canal to be dug, - 
ora bridge to be built, in aby state or 
‘states, without the assent of the Sove-. 
reign authorities. Its business is simply 
to regulate the exterior concerns of the 
United States.. I hope this explanation 
will quiet the learned reviewer’s appre- 
hensions for the continuance of our gos 
vernment and union; ifnot, other hoops’ 
are at our command, by which we may 
bind our political barrel.» He will ad- 
mit, 1 have no doubt, that that govern- 
ment is likely to be the strongest and 
most durable which most concentrates 
the affections of the governed, and con= 
nects its own interest with their welfare. 
and happiness; ‘and to effect this great 
end, as the charter of the United States 
bank will expire March 8, 1811, Mr. 
Gallatin has already submitted ‘a report 
on that subject to the Congress of the 
United States, who will necessarily act 
upon it in the approaching session ; he 
advises to increase the capital of the 
bank, so as to admit the different states 
to become subscribers to it in their sove- 
reign capacity, to a limited amount; 
thus they will become interested in the , 
continuance of our federal constitution, | 
as well as their respective citizens, for 
whose subscriptions there will be abun-. 
dant room. Again, when happier times 
permit, other applications of public 
money than those which prudence now 
demands, will be made, there can be n@ 
doubt; then the United States will pro- 
cure permission from the states to inters_ 
sect and bind together the different sec- 
tions of our country, by good roads and 
navigable canals, The money necessary 
to these public objects, will most pros 
bably be advanced hy the United States, 
the Individual States, and the citizens 
thereof, who will each receive such in- 
terest on the money respectively ad- 
vanced, as the tolls will produce, From 
this prolific source ef abundance and — 
happiness, the States and the citizeus will 
again find their interests closely con- 
nected with the general government; 
and, in my opinion, very little disposition 
will exist to tear asunder those bonds 
which preserve the nation from Civil dis- 
-sensions and foreign aggressions,  Per- 
haps the reverse of Mr. Aikin’s fear is the 
most rational, A government so rivetted 
sie 
