1869.] 
where the Americans, who were allowed 
€o settle fur the purpose at Port Jackson, 
un 1795, prepared most of the salt used 
in the colony. | Farther on, and towards 
the bottom of the harbour, is the part 
called Government Creek, because 1t is > 
reserved for the agents aa vessels of the 
state, Between this creek and the salt- 
pit, is the place for docking and careening 
the ships. The natural quays are so 
perpendicular, ard well tormed, that 
without any kind of labour orexpense, on 
the part of the English, the largest ships 
might be laid alons them in perfect se- 
curity. Near the Government Creek, 
are three public magazines, one of which 
contains all the articles necessary for the 
various purposes of domestic life, such 
as earthenware, household furniture, 
culinary utensils, instruments of agricul- 
ture, &c. The number of these articles 
that is here amassed, is truly astonishing, 
and the mode in which they are delivered 
out, is wise and salutary. In this distant 
country, the merchandizes. of Europe 
bear so high a price, that it would have 
been next to impossible for the popula- 
tion to procure such as are indispensable 
to the common wants ef life: the En- 
glish government has therefore antici- 
pated “these wi ants, by filling large store- 
houses with every article “that can be 
required, all of which are delivered to 
the colonists, at fixed prices, that are 
extremely moderate; sometimes even 
below what they cost in Europe. But 
in order to prevent avaricious specula- 
tions, or waste, no ome is admitted into 
these depots without a written order 
from the governor ; in which are specified 
the articles that the bearer isin need of, 
In another house are preserved the dif- 
ferent umforms and cloathing for the 
troops and convicts, as well as vast 
_ quantities of sail-cloth and cordage for 
the government. ships. The last bf the 
three buildings just mentioned, is a kind 
of public manufactory ; >in w hith are em- 
ployed female eoavices: Behind these 
magazines is the governor’s house, which 
is built in the Italian style, surrounded 
by a colonnade, as simple as It is elegant, 
and in front of which isa fine garden 
that descends to the sea-shore: ‘already 
in this garden may be seen, the Norfolk 
Island pine, the superb Columbia, grow- 
any by-the side of the bambon of Asia: 
farther on is the Portugal orange, and 
Canary fig, ripening beneath the shade 
OF the French apple- tree: the cherry, 
peach, pear, and apricot, are interspersed 
the Capital of the English Colonies. 127 
amongst the Banksia, Metrosideros, 
Correa, Melaleuca, Casuarina, Euca- 
lyptus, and a great number of other in- 
digenous trees. Beyond the government 
garden, on the other side of a neighbour- 
ing hill, is the windmill, the bakehouse, 
aud te state Ovens, that are used for 
making ship biscuit: these are capable 
of furnishing from fifteen, to eighteen 
hundred pounds per day. Not far from 
a contiguous creck, at a spot which the 
natives call, Wallamoula, is thecharming 
habitation of Mr. Palmer , the commissary 
peneral; a rivulet of fresh water runs 
before it, and empties itself into the 
creek, aed here forms a safe and con- 
vOuient basin. Here Mr. Palmer has 
built several sinell vessels, which he em-~ 
ploys in whate fishing, and catching 
phoce, or sea elephants, either at New 
Zealand, or in Bass’s Straits. ‘The neigh- 
bouring “brick- fields, furnish a consider 
able quantity of bricks and tiles, for the 
public and private buildings oz the co- 
lony. 
A short distance to the southward of 
Sydney Town, to the left of the great 
road that leads to Parramatta, you ob- 
serve the remains of the first gibbet that 
was erected on the Continent of New 
Holland. The increase of habitations 
haying caused it to be, as it were, sur- 
rounded, it has been succeeded by an- 
other, that has been erected farther oil, 
in the same direction, and near the vil- 
lage of Brick-field. This village, which 
consists of about two score of houses, 
contains several manutactories of tiles, 
earthen-ware, crockery, &c. its scite 18 
agreeable, and the soil, less sterile than 
that of Sydney, is better adapted to the 
different kinds of cultivation that have 
“been introduced into these distant re- 
ee between this villee 
10105. 
: The great road just mentioned, passes 
through the middle of Brick-field; while 
asmmall rivulet intersects it, oe an opposite 
and Syd- 
ah. is the public Ku aiestdad, 
wwieH 1s already rendered an object of 
interest and curiosity, by several striking 
monuments that have been erected in it; 
‘and the execution of which is much pee 
ter, than could reasonably have Leen ex- 
“pected from the state of the arts, in so 
young a colony. 
A crowd of objects, equally interesting, 
demanded our notice in every diedtitnd. . 
In the port we saw, drawn up together, 
a number of eto that bad arrived 
from different parts of the world, and 
‘ most 
