O74. 
purchase their ewn sa antages, 
ufy their private. resen tents! at the 
price of the: schsiiaean of ali the mice- 
ries of war. 
*«« T have just spoken, in consequence 
ofthe Queen’s orders, to ali the ministers 
new here; appertaining to those princes 
whosé trocps are subsidised by her Ma- 
jésty alone, or joimtly with the United 
Provinces: T have informed them, that 
she will regard the conduct of the gene- 
rals of their masters, at this juncture, as 
a‘declaration on the part o: these princes 
themselves, either f<r, or agaist her; 
and she doubts not; but after due retiec- 
tion, the generals m question will uot 
hesiezee’ a moment to! obey the orders of 
the Duke of Ormond: in the contrary 
case, they“are no longer to receive any 
Ry. 
“ The Queen, Sir; has at’ the same 
time commanded me to communicate to 
you, the’ resolution she has adopted in 
case any of the foreign: troops should 
persist to. remain oh the army of | 
Prince Eugeiie. In’ that® predicament, 
the Duke of Ormond shall retire with 
she English forces, and ali those disposed 
to march along with him, which appa- 
rently will - ‘not be the smaller number, 
and he is at the same time to Meuiork. 
that the Queen intends neither to act 
any longer’agaimst France, nor to pay 
those: who are dispesed to do so. Aad 
her Majesty, who iitherto has preserved 
a good understanding with her ailies, if 
pushed by them to extremities such as 
those’ alluded to, will-deem herself justi- 
fied before Ged and man, by contmiuing 
the negotiations of Utrecht, .or else- 
where; without®caring whether they con- 
cur or not. 
“ Accordingly, Sn; I have now the 
honour to- promise! you, in the name of 
her Maiesty, that if the’ Mest Christian 
King shall place the city, citadel, and 
forts. of Dunkirk, in the hands ie the 
Queen, her Majesty will not hesitate to 
conclude) a: separate peace, leaving a 
term for the other pawers to accede to 
its). |lam; with the, &e. &c. &c.” 
« Discours gui a obtenu. la premiere 
mention’ honorable, sur cette Question, 
&¢.” The Discourse which obtaimed the 
first honourable mention, on the tollow- 
ing Question, proposed -by the Lastitute 
of France: “ What has been the influ- 
encé’ of the Crusades; in respect to the 
or gra- - 
Liberties of the People of Europe; their | 
Civilizatien; the~progress of their Know- 
‘ledges their Cousnerce; -aird their lndus- 
wv @ 
Se 
A 
Rewroxpeet of French Literature— History. 
47 
try?” By J: J. Lemoine. Patis, 1803, 
1‘ vol. 8vo. Imported, 111869, by Mr 
De otfe, ‘Nassav-street, Soto: 
- As this is a work of some considera 
tion, and both in respect to the notice 
veh white ae has been honoured, and’ 
the subject of which it treats, merits a 
considerable degree of attention, we shall’ 
here endeavour to present an outline of 
the whoie. 
It is observed in the introduction; that! 
of ali the remarkable epochs oi history, 
few require a greater degree’ of attention” 
than that, dur mg w hich whole nations: 
seemed desirous to quit their native soil,” 
for the purpose of establishing themselves 
in the character of conquerors in distant ° 
countries. Those armed emicrations, 
which have overtarned established em- 
pires, erected new ones, and modified’ 
the characters, the genius, the customs. 
of mankind, possess something” great as’ 
well'as-instructive id their nature, which’ 
periods of peace and happiness can 1 never. 
present.’ Among events of’ this species, 
one of the most singular j is, the invasion’ 
of a portion of Asia by the Christians of 
the West, and the wars undertaken by ' 
them, in the name of their Founder, for’ 
the conquest of Palestine, and the’deli- 
verance of Jerusalem. The Crusades~ 
have agitated every portion of the known. 
world; they filled the space of two cen= 
turies ; they occasioned coramotions in” 
iniumeral le nations; and ‘the’ cluses, as 
well'as effects, ‘aré wortliy of atiention. F 
OF EUROPE BEFORE THE CRUSADES. 
We are told, that the period which - 
elapsed’ bet'veen the reign ‘of’ Theodo- 
s1us, a and the foundation of the kingdom - 
of the Lombards in Italy, was ‘precisely 
that when thé human’ race was ‘most’ 
miserable. From that epoch, the sombre’ 
tints of this melancholy picture began to 
disappear, until the end of the reign of 
Chariemagne? but hope - once” more” 
seems to abandon the human. breast, at” 
the recital of those’ disasters ‘which - 
afflicted Europe under the posterity of 
th iis prince; at the bare recollection of 
whose wars, massacres, irruptions of bat 
barous nations, plagues, fainines, ‘and - 
increasing superstitions, the heart shrinks ” 
from the contemplation. of so hues 
horrors! 
Germany, we’ are told, at this ti 
exhibited, Oe only in its provinces, but 
even in its great cities, the disgusting ” 
imive of servitude; Shr vance was but little _ 
better ; and: ‘England,’ during the’ reign 
i 
» 
of ‘thig Conqaétor’s: sons, a ears to have | 
P hts beth” 
