678 
North; Frienshemius, known by_ his 
commentaries on several ancient authors 
and his supplements toLivy; Scheffer,an 
‘universal scholar, whose researches were 
“directed by sound criticism, and Olaus 
Rudebeek, a native of Sweden, and au- 
‘thor of the celebrated dissertation on the 
“northern, antiquities, formerly distin- 
guished themselves there. ae 
~ Inthe last century, Linnzus, Celsius, 
Wallerius, and Klingenstierna, all born 
‘In Sweden, have acquired a brilliant re- 
_putation at this WMIVERSINY. ey 2F 
‘The celebrated Bergman is lately 
‘dead, but Thunberg, celeb:ated for his 
cabinet of oriental curiosities, as also 
‘Melanderhielm, and Prosperin, are well 
‘known to the literary world as men of 
Science. ‘ 
The, library contains a collection of 
‘books, no less valuable on account of 
‘their number than their scarcity; the 
MS. of the Edda and the Codex Argen- 
‘teus are among the most curious; the 
gold and silver letters of the latter have 
given rise to much conjecture: if appears 
that they are fixed to the parchment by 
means of some incaustic. 
~The Botanical Garden is celebrated 
on account of the care bestowed on it 
by Linnzus.. Passionately fond of this 
science, which he so earnestly culti- 
-yated, and “liberally seconded .in his 
“efforts by government, this great natus 
ralist neglected no opportunity of stor- 
ing it with every curious object that the 
vegetable kingdum contains m the four 
-quarters of the world. Those plants that 
‘can stand the severe climate of this 
‘northern latitude, are placed ini the open 
(alr 5 | TC 
departments, where they enjoy that de- 
_gree of heat which, is necessary to make 
them prosper. so, ae 
"The Observatory owes its origin to 
Andrew Celsius. The foundation of it 
is now-shaken, and on that account ob- 
_geryations cannot be made with all the 
‘accuracy which is requisite. 
_ An Anatomical ‘Theatre has been 
jately erected. eh pat ipo. 
The .Economical Theatre ‘contains 
‘models of instruments, invented by the 
-genius of man, to assist the labours of © 
agriculture and industry 
~ “Phe Chemical Elaboratory is celebrat- 
ed for the labours of, Wallerius and 
Bergman... The apparatus is. extensive, 
-eominodious, and well arranged. 
. The students _ v 
‘ Sbout 500 in number, and tlese live in 
at ein wr Henk svat 104s, Lid * BEES Pir 1 
“gucha regular and orderly manner, as to 
the rest are distributed in different < 
in the University are © 
Retrospect of French Literature History. 
‘reflect honotr on them; and ought to 
‘produce shaimeé on the superintendants 
‘of the seminaries déstined for the educa- 
‘tion of youth in more opulent and 
‘luxurious countries. The deposed king 
was chancellor, Ny 
The University of Abo, in Finland, 
was founded in the year: 1640, during 
the ininority of Christina. It is indebted 
for its ‘library to M. Arkenholz, author 
of the memotrs of that singular Princess. 
The University of Lund, in Scania, 
‘was founded in 1660, during the mino- 
rity of Charles XI. Biernsthohl, known 
‘by his travels, an ample relation of 
‘which has been published, was professor 
‘of the Oriental language here; Mr.Nos- 
berg, liis successor, is eminently distin- 
‘cuished for the same species of learning. 
M. De Lagerbring, professor of history, 
arid well known byhis productions in that 
“science, has lately paid the debt of na- 
ture; but M.Retzuis, who teaches natu- 
ral history, and has written several celc- 
brated works, still continues to preside 
here with his accustomed applause. 
But Sarnuel Puffendorff was the glory 
“of this university. When his learned 
work on the Laws of Nature and Nations 
appeared, two of his colleagues treated 
him in the same manuer as Lunge treat- 
ed Wolf. After haying done every 
“thing in their power to molest him im 
the execution of their duty, they repre- 
‘sented him to the king as the author of 
a dangerous system; but Charles XI, 
listening to the voice of reason, silenced 
‘these persecutors, and protected the 
object of their rancour and envy. 
LITERARY SOCIETIES. 
The oldest of these is the Royal Aca- 
“demy of Sciences, founded at Upsal, in 
“1720, by Eric Beuzclius, who, from bemg 
librarian to the university, was raised to 
“the rank of an archbishop, ‘This society 
‘first published a kind of journal, the in- 
‘tention of which was to give an account 
“of the best foreign works that appeared. 
It afterwards printed memoirs, which, 
after. having been some time disconti- 
nued, were again revived under the pro- 
tection of the present king, while Duke 
of Sudermania. es 
M. Aurivilnis, lately deceased, was a 
long time secretary to this academy. He 
was a man of superior erudition, and 
united shining talents to great modesty ; 
“he excelled above all in a’‘knowledge of 
“the Oriental langnages.  ' ede 
fhe Royal Academy of Sciences ‘at 
Stockholm was established in 1738. 
~The celebrated Linnzts was among the. 
m number 
i 
