1309.] 
tainments ;* the former was remarkabie 
for an immense paunch, and withal was 
so exact, so nice and curious in his re= 
pasts,t that when his prime favourite, 
William Fitz-Osborne, who, as steward of 
the household, had the charge of the 
cury, served him with the flesh of a crane, 
scarcely half-roasted; he was so, highly 
exasperated, that he lifted up his fist, and 
would have strucken lim, had not Endo 
appointed Dapifer, immediately after 
warded off the blow.f 
“ Dapifer, by which is usually under- 
stood steward of the King’s house- 
hold,|| was a high officer amongst the 
Normans 3 and Larderarius was anotuer 5 
clergymen, then often occupying this 
post, and sometimes made bishops 
from it.§ He was under the Dapifer, 
as was likewise the Cocus Dom- 
nice Coquing, concerning whom, his as- 
sistants and allowances, the Liber Niger, 
may be consulted.{{ It appears further 
from Fleta, that the chief cooks were 
often providers, as well as dressers, of 
victuals.**- But Magister Coguine, who 
was an esquire by office, seems to have 
had the care of pourveyance, A. D. 
1340,T and to have nearly corresponded 
with our clerk of the kitchen, having 
authority over the cooks.{{f However, 
the Magnus Coquus, Coguorun Prepo- 
situs, Coguus Regius, and Grans Queur, 
were otticers of considerable dignity in 
the palaces of princes; and the officers 
under them, according to Du Fresne, 
Me RS es ee ee 
* Stow. p. 102, 128. 
+ Lord Lyttleton observes that the Nor- 
mans were delicate in their food, but without 
excess. Life of Hen. IIL. vol. iil. p. 47. 
{ Dugd. Bar. [. p.109, Henry I. served 
to his son. Lord Lyttleton, iv. p. 298. 
| Godwin de Pizsul, p- 695, reuders car- 
ver by Dapifer, but this I cannot approve. 
See Thoroton, p. 23, 28. Dugd. Bar. I. p. 
441, 620, 109, Lib. Nig. p. 342 Kennet, 
Par. Amt. p. 119. And, to name no more, 
Spelm. in voce. The Carver was an officer 
inferior to the Dapifer, or Steward, and even 
under his control. Vide Lel. Collect. vi. p. 2. 
And yet I find Sir Walter Manny when young, 
was carver to Philippa Queen of King Ed- 
ward III. Barnes Hist. of E. HI. The 
Steward had the name of D.pifer, I appre- 
hend, from serving up the first dish. w. 
supra. 
§ Sim. Dunelm. col. 227. Hoveden, p. 469. 
Malms. de Pont. p. 286. 
@ Lib. Nig. Scaccarii, p. S47. 
** Fleta, II. cap. 75, 
~ +t Du Fresne v. Magister. 
tt Du Fresne, ibid. 
Monruty Mae. No. 19% 
Scarce Trects, &e. 
497 
were in the French conrt, A.D. 1385, 
much about the time that our roll was 
made, ‘ Queus, Aideurs, Asteurs, Paiges, 
Soufileurs, Enfans, Saussiers de Come 
mun, Saussiers devers le Roy, Sommiers, 
Poulliers, Huissiers.’* 
“ In regard to_religious houses, the 
Cooks of the greater foundations were 
officers of consequence, though under the 
Cellarer s+ and if he were not a monk, 
he, nevertheless, was to enjoy the por= 
tion of a monk.t But it appears from 
Somner, that at Christ Church, Canter= 
bury, the Lardyrer was the first or 
chief cook ;|]| aud th’s officer, as we 
have seen, was often an ecclesiastic. 
- However the great houses had cooks of 
different ravks;§ and. manors and 
churches} were often given ad cibum and 
ad victum monachorum. <A fishing at 
Lambeth was allotted to that purpose.** 
But whether the cooks were monks or 
not, the Magistri Coquing, kitcheners of 
the monasteries, we may depend apon it, 
were always monks ; and i think they 
were mostly ecclesiastics elsewhere: thus 
when Cardinal Otto, the Pope’s legates 
was at Oxford, A. 1258, and that me= 
morable fray happened between his 
retinue and the students, the Magister 
Coguorum was che legate’s brother, and 
was there killed}? The reason given in 
the author, why a person so nearly ale 
lied to the Great Man was assigned to 
the office, is this, ‘ Ne procuraretur ali- 
quid venenoram, quod nimis [i.e vaide] 
timebat legatus ;’ and it is certain, that 
poisoning was but too much in vovue in 
these times, both amongst the Itahans 
and the good people of this island ;{7 so 
that this was a post of signal trust and 
confidence. And indeed afterwards, a 
person was employed to fusfe or lake the 
assaie, as it was called,|| || both of the 
messes and the water in the ewer,§$ at 
Sa Oe ee ee ee 
* Du Fresne, v. Coquus. The curious may 
compare this list with Lib. Nig: p- 347. 
+ In Somner, Ant. Cant. Appens. p. 36, 
they are under the Magister Coguine, whose 
office it was to purvey ; and there again the 
chief cooks are proveditors; different usages 
might prevail at different times and places. 
+ Du Fresne v. Coquus. 
| Somner Append. p. 36. 
§ Somner Ant, Cant. Append. 36. 
€| Somner, p. 41. 
** Somner, |. e. 
tt M. Paris. p. 4, 69. 
tt Dugd. Bar. I. p. 45. Stow, p. 184. M. 
Paris. p. 377. 517. M. Westin. ps S64. 
{\}| Lel. Collectan. vi. p. 7, seq. 
§§ Ibid. p. 9, 15. : 
$$ _ great 
