1809.] 
bourgeon, and is followed by the tyeing up 
of the vine plants. 
AX. Which is the most fuvourahle Moment 
Sor Tyeing and Paring the Vine ? 
While the vine is in ftower, it must not 
be touched: it must be pared when the 
flower has nearly passed away, and at the 
height indicated in Art. XV. it must af- 
terwards be tied in such a way as to en- 
velop the slip, without impeding the 
circulation of the air or the growth of the 
suckers. . 
Finally; about the middle of August, 
in order to clear away the grass from the 
roots of the plant, and wo raise up the 
grapes which may have fallen to the 
ground, a third and last trimming takes 
ace. 
The following is the routine practised 
n the vineyards of Champagne: 
They are cut in February or March. 
Hoed in March. 
Praned in Apriland May. 
Tied or propped up in April and May. 
First trimming for the shoots. 
. Pave and tie in June. 
Second tridiming in July. 
. Third trimming in August. 
KI. How is it ascertained that the Grape 
as sufficiently ripe, in order to commence 
the Lubours of the Vintage ? 
At the end of September, or later if 
the season has been backward, before 
proceeding to the labours of the vintage, 
ur order to obtain the fruit at the most 
complete state of ripeness, 
The stalk of the grape must be brown 
and woody ; 
The grape pendent ; 
The skin or pellicle of the grape tend- 
er, and not brittle when chewed ; : 
When aseed can be easily detached 
from the juice of the grape: which should 
in its turn present a vinous and transpa- 
rent appearance, withouthaving any green 
init ; 
When the grape stones are brown, dry, 
and not glutinous. 
ee 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
N page 104, of vol. xvi, your cor- 
| respondent X. opposes what he 
calls the vulgar custom of applying oil, 
honey, &c. in cases of burns and scalds, 
But he must either have had no €Xpe- 
rience, or reasoned very superficially on 
the subject, if he supposes that the appht- 
cation of cold water can have any effect 
in relieving the pain. It is impossible 
that the heat or fire should remain in the 
flesh any considerable time after the ac- 
cident has happened; the heat therefore 
~ 
COND Orme G2 
‘ 
On the Application of Ous, Ke. to Burns. 
- 139 
which we generally feel about the part 
afflicted, proceeds from inflammation, 
which your correspondent forgets is the 
consequence and not the cause of heat, 
The fibres, by means of which we re- 
ceive the sense of pain, are covered and 
defended from external matter by the 
third and innermost skin, ‘This covering 
being destroyed orotherwise materially in- 
jured by fire, air, or any other extraneous 
matter having access to the nerves causes 
exquisite pain, which water or wet cloths 
do but increase.. Spirits of turpentine, 
which one of your correspondents sug= 
gests, or any other sort of oil, by supply= 
ing the place of a covering, instantly re= 
lieves the pain. If a blister be not ver 
large, honey, or white lead, should be 
laid on to keep the air out. Ifitis large, 
it should be punctured, and oil applied; 
but the skin should not be taken off un- 
til it is dressed. ‘Lhe propriety of keep- 
ing the air from burns may be proved by 
any one who has courage to try the fol- 
lowing simple experiment: “ Let a drap 
of hot sealing wax fall upon the finger; 
bear the pain till it is gone off, and let 
the sealing wax remain upon the finger 
five or ten minutes; then take it off, 
and no marks of a burn will be found, 
On the other hand, a blister is raised, 
if it is instantly taken off.” Glaziers use 
white lead whenever they receive burns 
from soldering irons. If you put your 
hand or foot into a bason of water rather. 
hotter than you can bear, the pain is 
greater the moment you take it out, than 
while it remains in. Your’s, &c. 
Cok: 
ae 
Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
“| Sun, 
WAS rather surprised when I read 
m your ‘ Proceedings of Learned 
Societies,” (No. 181, p. 60.) that Mr. 
Wiliam Garrard has laid before the 
Royal Society the discovery which he 
has made, of a new property of the tan- 
gents of three angles of a plane triangle, 
which may be thus expressed: “ In every 
plane triangle, the sum of the three tan- 
vents of the three angles multiplied by 
the square of radius, is equal to the con- 
tinued product of the tangents.” 
_ Now, Sir, the discovery of this theorem 
does not belong to Mr. Garrard ; for you 
will find it in the mathematical part of 
the Ladies‘ Diary, for 1797, p. 38, in an 
answer to avery trifling question. It is 
therefore, somewhat extraordinary. that 
it should be admitted into the last 
volume of the Philosophical Transactions 
as a new discovery, Your's, &e. 
February 4, 1809. Matwemaricus. 
to 
