1809.] On the Structure and Management of Syllogisms. 569 
they grew calm, when, with much devo- 
tion, they threw themselves on their 
knees, said some prayers, made a pro- 
fession of their faith, and then proceeded 
to engage. The victory decided the in- 
nocence of the victor, and the justice of 
his cause; the penalty of the vanquished 
was that due to the crime in question, 
His unfortunate champion underwent 
the same fate: he was ignominiously 
dragged out of the field, together with 
the principal, and hanged, or burned, 
according to the crime. ; 
There is an engraving in Montfaucon, 
of a combat between the Chevalier 
Macaire and a dog, in the year 1371, 
expressly ordered by Charles V. of 
France, to determine whether the Che- 
valier had been guilty of a murder, of 
which he was accused, See Antig. de la 
Monarchie Francoise, where the story is 
related at lenyth, and the issue is stated 
to have been, that, after being nearly 
strangled by the dog, he confessed his 
guilt. 
To return to voluntary duels, it has 
been mentioned above, that during the 
reign of James I. they attracted. the at- 
tention of government. Jaimes, in fact, 
published many proclamations against 
the practice. In one of them, he de- 
clares, that * we do protest on our part, 
that we will never account of them but 
as of cowardes.” 
Fynes Morrison, who wrote about this 
time, says, ‘‘ Let me add one thing of 
corrupt custom in England, that those 
who are not grown men, never have an 
opinion of their valour, till in their youth 
they have gained it with some single 
fight, which done, they shall ever after 
live free from quarrels.” 
But it was not alone in England, and 
France, that duelling prevailed. In 
Sweden, in Flanders, and jn different 
parts of Germany, it was very common, 
In Italy, it was carried to a pitch of re- 
finement beyond all athers. It is stated 
by Giannone, (vol. i. p. 482,) that Paris 
de Putio, a Neapolitan advocate, pro- 
fessed chiefly this branch of the law, and 
was consulted on eases of this sort, re- 
. ferred to him from all parts of Europe. 
And in 1566, there was published at 
Venice, I/ Duello de Mutio, a treatise, 
in which the cases of honour were col- 
Jected with such minuteness, that lies 
were distinguished mto thirty-two dif- 
ferent sorts, and the precise satisfaction 
suited to each, was marked out. On 
each of them, Mutius has a distinct 
chapter: the heads of some of thein are 
as follow:;—Ofthe Lie Immaterial——the 
meet him, and 
Lie General—the Lie Special—the Lie 
Hypothetical—the Lie Direct. This sys- 
tematic nonsense is admirably ridicuicd 
by Shakespeare’s ‘Touchstone, in his 
definition of finding the quarrel, on the 
seventh cause ;—** We quarrel, (says this 
motley disciple of Mutio,) in print, by 
the book, as you have books for good 
manners. 1 will name you the degrees. 
The first, the Retort Courteous—the 
second, the Quip Modest—the third, the 
Reply Churlish—the fourth, the Re- 
proof Valiant—the fifth, the Counter- 
check Quarrelsume—the sixth, the Lie 
Circuimstautial—the seventh, the Lie 
Direct.” 
In the barbarous and frozen region of 
Greenland, affairs of honour are decided: 
in a manner very different from that of 
civilized nations. When a Greenland 
gentleman is insulted or injured by an- 
other, he composes a satirical poem, 
which be repeats and sings before his 
friends, and domestics, male and female, 
till they have all got it by heart. He 
then every where challenges the other to 
to refuse such chale 
lenge would be dishonourable in the 
extreme. The opponents having met in 
an encircied theatre, the challenger sings 
his satire, accompanied by beat of drum, 
and every line is re-echoed, in choras, by 
his party. When he hasthus discharged 
his taunts, and raised the laugh against 
his adversary, the latter steps forth, an- 
swers in the same manner, and, cheered 
by the chorus of his party, retorts the 
langh. The accuser renews the combat, 
and tries to baffle his antagonist a second 
time: in short, he that inaintains the 
contest best, receives the laurel from the 
whole auditory, who constitute a very 
candid jury. These savages, level their 
wit with all possible keenness and se- 
verity, but without either rudeness or 
passion; and when the contest is deter- 
mined, they become fast friends. —“ Look 
here upon this picture, and an this!!!” 
Your’s, &c. J. BANNANTINEs, 
Lemple-street, St. Gcorge’s Fields, 
May 5, 1809. 
<a 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, , 
J APPREHEND the epitome of ihe 
mast vojuminous treatises on Logic, 
which have been handed down to us from 
the days of Aristotle to the present time, 
would not furnish clearer or more cone 
cise notions respecting that liberal art, 
than the following short disseriation, 
which embraces the ground of all that js 
Usually 
penne A 
———————— 
Fre SS 
— Se 
= ee eS 
Se DE RS 
