354 On the naturaland artificial Character of the Tea Tree. [May], 
as can exert no industry, who not only 
occupy space, and render the air less 
pure, but engage the time and attention 
of many who would be otherwise advan- 
tageously employed. In truth, those 
workhouses, with inmates of all ages, 
and ali unemployed, can be deemed “lit- 
tle better than seminaries of sloth, filth, 
and mischief: in such places vice must 
be prevaient; the old of both sexes have 
leisure, anid too often inclination, to 
corrupt the young ; and the laiter, 
unused to work, will never readily take “ 
it after a certain time; they will prefer 
sloth and casual subsistence by craft, 
through life, to regular subsistence 
by labour. 
employment, if it could be carried on 
with some profit, in our ordinary parish 
houses, seem likely tosave the younger 
residents from the contagion of ill exam- 
pie, since it would divide these small 
communities into too many parts, were 
those of different ages and sexes com- 
pletely separated. ‘Lhe regulation, how- 
ever is indispensable to the well-doing 
and well-being of associated paupers, and 
has been so ordained in all our best-con- 
ducted houses of united parishes; but if, 
with the disadvantages enumerated, we 
take into account the annual expendi- 
ture on these workhouse poor, which, 
according to the abstract in the year 
1802--3, amounted to the sum_ of 
1,016, 445). or at the average rate of. 
12!. 3s. 6d. per head, what shall we say 
to the present system of management, as 
far as it applies to the houses so wretch- 
edly conducted? It were certainly bet- 
ter to allow the inmates the same amount 
of money, as out-poor, than expend it so 
imoprovidently on them in places miscalled 
workhouses. 
Of the Oul-Poor.—The number of out- 
Sai or those maintained out of work- 
houses, is, according to the abstract, 
classed as follows: 
‘Those on permanent relief 
Adults, 356,199 
From 5to 14 years, 194,914 
Wnder 5 years, - - 120,286-—-651,349 
On occasional relief - - - 305,899 
Total number of out-poor - - 957,248 
Of these 166,829 are stated to be dis- 
abled from labour by old age, perma- 
nent illness, or other infirmity. 
This boy of out-paupers cost for their 
relief and maintenance 3,042,0411. per - 
annum, on an average 3l. 3s. 7id. per 
head ; a very large sum, comidering that 
Neither does auy plan of 
only about 144,829 of the adults (allow- 
ing 20.060 such among the in-poor), and 
the children under five years of age, were 
disabled from labour, leaving 386,248 
adults and children, of which two-thirds, 
or perhaps three-fourths, may be deem- 
ed able to get their living, if properly 
employed, and the remainder to earn 
something in aid of it, on permanent re- 
lief. Why they were intitled to this, is 
dificult to be comprehended. It could 
not be for want of work; for that, like 
casual sickness, and accidents, is the 
plea of the occasional poor for tensporary 
relief. In short, it serves to demonstrate, 
that an institution is indispensable, where- 
by ail pretences for relief may be brought 
to the test of truth, and the public cease 
to be imposed on by the cunning and auda- 
city of paupers, or by the weakness or 
partiality of overseers; such an institution 
as would enable every parish-officer in 
the kingdom to say to its able paupers, 
clamourous for relief for themselves or 
their able children, There is work for you, 
the relief which you require must be ob- 
tained by labour, wholly or in part; but 
fur relief in money, you are not intitled 
to it by jaw, noramI by law authorized 
to grant it—you must work, or starve. 
Fer the Monthly Magazine. 
On the NaTURAL #nd ARTIFICIAL CHA- 
RACTER Of the TEA-TREE. 
RESPECT botany; I love it: and 
according to my leisure I study it. 
At the same time that leisure is little 
and interrupted. And I am not a bo- 
tanist, but a botanophilist, a lover of 
botany and of plants. It may be said, 
why then propose to remove a plant 
into another genus? Had I heen a 
botanist, I might have made the removal 
at my peril, it is true, if not justified by 
the principles of the art: as a lover of 
botany, I merely proposed it to those 
qualified to judge. > 
I shall not much urge that the distinc- 
tion to which your correspondent adverts, 
is not always very clear, conspicuous, and 
certain: nor that I do not think that it 
is very obviously apparent in the tea- 
tree; though I might say both. 
I shall not urge that the 12th and 
13th classes, which depend on this dis- 
tinction, the icosandra and the poly- 
andra, are of such near kindred, that 
botanists of no mean estimation were, I 
believe, not long since inclined to throw 
down .the barrier, and unite them into 
one class. But I shall say this, that Lam 
| glad 
