1810.] 
which, as times are, and are likely to be, 
it is impossible for their industry to sup- 
ply :—the want of education, the wantof 
habitations, and the want of firing. 
Food and clothing, while an industri- 
ous labourer in husbandry or manufac- 
tures is in health, he can generally sup- 
ly for himself and his family. 
The Bill of Mr. Whitbread, though it 
seemed to me to want many improve- 
ments and corrections, inorder to make it 
practicable throughout England, under the 
present state of the public burthens, had 
an excellent object: that of providing 
the means of education, so as to place its 
first necessary elements within the reach 
of all. The successful progress of the 
lan of Mr, Lancaster has most won- 
derfully reduced the expense and time 
requisite for this purpose; and has made 
the education of all its inhabitants, in 
reading, writing, and ‘common. arith- 
metic, practicable in every city and 
even middle-sized town. 
The want of habitations is in many 
places a very great evil to the health, 
comforts, industry, and morals of the 
poor. The present laws are ineffectual 
to the relief of this evil. When the Bill 
of Mr. Whitbread was depending, I 
wrote to him, and proposed a plan for 
enabling the parish-oficers to hire, or 
build, or purchase, houses solely for the 
occupation of the poor inhabitauts, (not 
work-houses, or poor-houses,) and to 
make a special rate, on a principle dis- 
tinct from the commen rate, for that 
purpose; with power to justices to enforce 
the building of such houses where ne-. 
cessary: with power also of lettmg, where 
cottagers should he able and willing 
to pay. At present, a justice cannot 
order habitations to be tound, nor the 
overseers make a rate for that purpose. 
With regard to fuel, an act has been 
passed during this reign, to eucourage 
the raising of it, by enabling the 
inhabitants to consent to enclose a Certain 
portion of waste land, and to vest it in 
the lord cf the manor and the parish- 
officers, for the purpose of raising un- 
derwood for fuel, to be distributed among 
the poor. 1 endeavoured to carry that 
act into effect soon after it passed, both 
at Stanton and Troston; but the other 
owners were discouraged by the length 
of time, before much could be raised by 
it, (sixteen or twenty years,) the expense 
and difficulty of protecting it while 
young, and even afterward, [know not 
whether that act has any where been 
adopted in practice; I was obliged there-- 
Montuiy Mac. No. 196. Q 
Observations on certain Musical Terms. 
121 
fore to adopt the example of Mr. Parry, | 
and to obtain a clause, both in the 
Stanton and Troston Bills of Enclosure. 
And now, in both parishes, andin War- 
rington, and in some others, the poor 
have been, and will continue to be, sup- 
plied with coals. out of the’ rent of lands, 
which, previously to the enclosure, were 
hardly of any value. 
This benefit has been diminished, by what 
is considered as an exceeding misconstrucs 
tionof the PropertyAct, by taxing the truss 
tees of such lands, wholly applied to the 
use of the poor, with the ten per cent. be- 
sides what is of course paid by the tenants, 
who have a considerable beneficial in- 
terest, for which they are indisputably 
taxable. And although the reason of the 
thing, the express terms of the Act, and 
a highly respectable legal authority, are | 
all against the tax, such is the constitu- 
tion of the Board of Appeal, in London, 
that hitherto no redress has been ob. 
tained. Your's, &c. 
Troston-hall, Care. Lorrt, 
Dec. 31, 1809. 
PRE 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
OBSERVATIONS On certula MUSICAL TERMS, 
used by the ANCIENT GREEKS; ta @ 
‘LETTER (0 @ FRIEND. 
recollect your mentioning, some 
years ago, the impropriety of the 
term inféerval, as it is used in music. I 
perfectly agree with you in opinion. I 
told you at the time you raised the ob- 
jection, L supposed the ancients tools 
their idea from the distance between the 
strings on the lyre, and the holes on the 
flute. You well know, that the word 
interval is used to denote the difference 
of pitch between two sounds. And that 
this difference of pitch is occasioned by 
the difference of the vibrations of the two 
sounds. I will now refer to some pas- 
sages of Greek writers, to be found in 
Dr. Smith’s Harmonics., < 
Prolemy says, “Appeovents peev "ect ODva alg 
Kararnarrinh THY EYTOLS Popois, Tent TO OLD Ras 
Band, Siapoody. * Harmonics isa power of 
apprehending the differences of sounds, — 
with respect to gravity and acuteness.” 
Would it not be more philosophical to 
say, with respect to the pitch of each 
svand? 5 
‘ « As the ideas of acute and high, grave 
and low, have iu nature no necessary 
connection, it has happened accordingly,” 
as Dr. Gregory has observed in the preface 
to bis, edition, of Euclid’s Works, “that 
the more ancient of the Greek writers 
looked upon grave sounds as high, and 
acule 
